Indicate the coordination number of the metal and the...

Indicate the coordination number of the metal and the oxidation number of the metal as well as the number and type of each donor atom of the ligands for each of the following complexes: (a) $\mathrm{Na}_{2}\left[\mathrm{CdCl}_{4}\right]$ (b) $\mathrm{K}_{2}\left[\mathrm{MoOCl}_{4}\right]$ (c) $\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right] \mathrm{Cl}$ (d) $\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{5}\right]^{3-}$ (e) $\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{~V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}\right]$ (f) $\left[\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{en})_{2}\right] \mathrm{Br}_{2}$

Indicate the coordination number of the metal and the oxidation number of the metal as well as the number and type of each donor atom of the ligands for each of the following complexes:
(a) $\mathrm{Na}_{2}\left[\mathrm{CdCl}_{4}\right]$
(b) $\mathrm{K}_{2}\left[\mathrm{MoOCl}_{4}\right]$
(c) $\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\right] \mathrm{Cl}$
(d) $\left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{5}\right]^{3-}$
(e) $\mathrm{K}_{3}\left[\mathrm{~V}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\right)_{3}\right]$
(f) $\left[\mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{en})_{2}\right] \mathrm{Br}_{2}$

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Key Concepts

Donor Atoms

Donor atoms are the atoms within ligands that directly supply electron pairs to the metal ion to form coordinate bonds. Identifying both the types (such as oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine etc.) and the number of such atoms is key to fully characterizing the bonding environment in a coordination complex.

Ligand Denticity

Ligand denticity refers to the number of donation sites on a ligand that can coordinate to a metal center. Ligands can be monodentate (binding through one donor atom), bidentate (through two donor atoms), or polydentate, which influences the stability and structure of the complex.

Coordination Number

The coordination number is the number of ligand donor atoms that are directly bonded to the central metal ion. It determines the shape and geometry of the complex and is derived by counting each atom from the ligands that coordinates to the metal.

Oxidation Number

The oxidation number (or oxidation state) of a metal in a coordination complex represents its formal charge, determined by considering the charges on the ligands and the overall charge of the complex. It is crucial for understanding the chemical reactivity and electron count of the metal center.

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