La Kb del amoniaco es de 1.8 ×10^-5. (a) Calcule la concentración de amoniaco acuoso que tendría

Step 1: u000AEscribimos la reacción de hidrólisis del amoniaco en agua:u000ANH3 + H2O ? NH4+ + OHu002Du000Au000AStep

La Kb del amoniaco es de 1.8 ×10^-5. (a) Calcule la...

La $K_b$ del amoniaco es de $1.8 \times 10^{-5}$. (a) Calcule la concentración de amoniaco acuoso que tendría un $\mathrm{pH}$ de 8.5. Use la simulación Ácidos y bases (Acids and Bases, eCapitulo 16.4) para comprobar su respuesta. (b) ¿Cuál es el porcentaje de hidrólisis del amoniaco a esta concentración?

Key Concepts

Acid-Base Equilibrium

Acid-base equilibrium deals with the dynamic balance between an acid and its conjugate base in solution. It is governed by equilibrium constants that indicate the extent of ionization of weak acids or bases, and it underpins many calculations in chemistry where the pH of a solution is central.

Equilibrium Constant (Kb)

The equilibrium constant for a base (Kb) quantifies the extent to which a weak base ionizes in water. It is defined by the ratio of the concentrations of the products (the conjugate acid and hydroxide ion) over the concentration of the un-ionized base, thus directly influencing the solution’s pH.

pH and pOH Relationship

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution by indicating the concentration of hydrogen ions, while pOH relates to the concentration of hydroxide ions. In aqueous solutions at room temperature, these are linked by the relation pH + pOH = 14, allowing conversion between them to aid in equilibrium calculations.

Weak Base Hydrolysis

Weak base hydrolysis is the process by which a weak base reacts with water to form its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion. This reaction establishes an equilibrium in solution and is central to understanding how the base’s concentration and its ionization affect the pH.

Percent Hydrolysis

Percent hydrolysis measures the fraction of the initial weak base that reacts with water to form its conjugate acid and hydroxide ion. It is an important concept for quantifying the degree of ionization or reaction progress in weak base systems, providing insight into how much of the base remains un-ionized.

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