L'acide sulfurique peut se préparer à partir de la pyrite de...

L'acide sulfurique peut se préparer à partir de la pyrite de fer naturelle $\mathrm{FeS}_2$, par un procédé comportant trois étapes : 1) $4 \mathrm{FeS}_2+11 \mathrm{O}_2=2 \mathrm{Fe}_2 \mathrm{O}_3+8 \mathrm{SO}_2$ 2) $2 \mathrm{SO}_2+\mathrm{O}_2=2 \mathrm{SO}_3$ 3) $\mathrm{SO}_3+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}=\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$ Quelle masse d'acide sulfurique peut-on fabriquer à partir d'une tonne d'un minerai contenant $78 \%$ de pyrite, sachant que par ailleurs les gaz $\mathrm{SO}_2$ et $\mathrm{SO}_3$ produits par les réactions 1) et 2) ne sont récupérés qu'à $97 \%$ ?

L'acide sulfurique peut se préparer à partir de la pyrite de fer naturelle $\mathrm{FeS}_2$, par un procédé comportant trois étapes :
1) $4 \mathrm{FeS}_2+11 \mathrm{O}_2=2 \mathrm{Fe}_2 \mathrm{O}_3+8 \mathrm{SO}_2$
2) $2 \mathrm{SO}_2+\mathrm{O}_2=2 \mathrm{SO}_3$
3) $\mathrm{SO}_3+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}=\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4$

Quelle masse d'acide sulfurique peut-on fabriquer à partir d'une tonne d'un minerai contenant $78 \%$ de pyrite, sachant que par ailleurs les gaz $\mathrm{SO}_2$ et $\mathrm{SO}_3$ produits par les réactions 1) et 2) ne sont récupérés qu'à $97 \%$ ?

Key Concepts

Percent Yield and Recovery

Percent yield quantifies the efficiency of a reaction by comparing the actual amount of product obtained to the theoretical maximum calculated stoichiometrically. In multi-step processes, if not all intermediates are recovered perfectly, the overall yield must incorporate these percentages of recovery, which is essential for accurate mass production estimates.

Mass Percent Composition

Mass percent composition refers to the percentage by mass of a specific component within a mixture or ore. In the context of a chemical process, knowing the purity of the starting material (e.g., percentage of a desired mineral in the ore) is necessary to calculate the actual available amount of the reactive substance.

Mass-Mole Conversions

Converting between mass and moles using molar masses is fundamental in chemical calculations. This process allows one to translate a given weight of a compound into the number of moles, which is then used to apply stoichiometric ratios from the balanced equations to compute the amounts of products or reactants.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves using the molar relationships between reactants and products in balanced chemical equations to determine the amounts of substances consumed and produced. This concept is crucial when calculating how much product can be formed from a given amount of reactant based on the stoichiometric coefficients in the reaction.

Limiting Reagent

The limiting reagent is the substance in a reaction that is completely consumed first, thereby limiting the amount of product that can be formed. Identifying the limiting reagent using the stoichiometric ratios is essential to determine the theoretical yield of the reaction.

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