Mammalian liver can carry out gluconeogenesis using...

Name: Problem 21, Chapter 16: Principles of Biochemistry
Uploaded: 2020-12-25T16:24:02-08:00
Duration: 7 min 42 s
Channel: Dr. Satish Ingale
Description: Mammalian liver can carry out gluconeogenesis using oxaloacetate as the starting material (Chapter 14 ). Would the operation of the citric acid cycle be affected by extensive use of oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis? Explain your answer.

Mammalian liver can carry out gluconeogenesis using oxaloacetate as the starting material (Chapter 14 ). Would the operation of the citric acid cycle be affected by extensive use of oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis? Explain your answer.

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Key Concepts

Oxaloacetate

A four-carbon dicarboxylic acid that serves as a crucial intermediate in both the citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis. In the citric acid cycle, it combines with acetyl-CoA to form citrate, while in gluconeogenesis, it is used to generate phosphoenolpyruvate and ultimately glucose.

Anaplerosis

A process that replenishes cycle intermediates which have been extracted for biosynthetic purposes, such as gluconeogenesis. Anaplerotic reactions, like the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, are critical for maintaining the balance of intermediates in the citric acid cycle during periods of high demand for gluconeogenic substrates.

Gluconeogenesis

A metabolic pathway that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, enabling organisms to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or exercise. It often occurs in the liver and relies on substrates like oxaloacetate, requiring a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to bypass irreversible steps of glycolysis.

Citric Acid Cycle

Also known as the Krebs cycle, it is a central metabolic pathway that oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO2, generating electron carriers such as NADH and FADH2 which are essential for ATP production in oxidative phosphorylation. The cycle relies on a steady supply of intermediates to ensure continuous energy production.

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