Match the researchers (a-j) with the discoveries listed. a....

Match the researchers (a-j) with the discoveries listed. a. Kossel b. Fraenkel-Conrat c. Watson and Crick d. Levene e. Miescher f. Hershey and Chase g. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty h. Griffith i. Franklin and Wilkins ¡. Chargaff ______.Took X-ray diffraction pictures used in constructing the structure of DNA. -________.Determined that DNA contains nitrogenous bases. _____Identified DNA as the genetic material in bacteriophages. Discovered regularity in the ratios of different bases in DNA. _______ Determined that DNA is responsible for transformation in bacteria. ________Worked out the helical structure of DNA by building models. Discovered that DNA consists of repeating nucleotides. Determined that DNA is acidic and high in phosphorus. Conducted experiments showing that RNA can serve as the genetic material in some viruses. _________Demonstrated that heat-killed material from bacteria can genetically transform live bacteria.

Match the researchers (a-j) with the discoveries listed. a. Kossel
b. Fraenkel-Conrat
c. Watson and Crick
d. Levene
e. Miescher
f. Hershey and Chase
g. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
h. Griffith
i. Franklin and Wilkins
¡. Chargaff
______.Took X-ray diffraction pictures used in constructing the structure of DNA.
-________.Determined that DNA contains nitrogenous bases.
_____Identified DNA as the genetic material in bacteriophages. Discovered regularity in the ratios of different bases in DNA.
_______ Determined that DNA is responsible for transformation in bacteria.
________Worked out the helical structure of DNA by building models. Discovered that DNA consists of repeating nucleotides. Determined that DNA is acidic and high in phosphorus. Conducted experiments showing that RNA can serve as the genetic material in some viruses. _________Demonstrated that heat-killed material from bacteria can genetically transform live bacteria.

Key Concepts

Base Pair Regularity (Chargaff's Rules)

The observation that the amounts of certain nitrogenous bases in DNA occur in consistent ratios laid the groundwork for understanding base pairing. This regularity supported the idea that adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine with guanine, essential for the stability and replication of the DNA double helix.

Bacterial Transformation

This process describes how bacteria can take up external DNA from their surroundings, leading to genetic changes within the cell. It provided key evidence that DNA could transfer and encode inherited traits.

Model-Building in Structural Biology

Model building in the study of DNA involved assembling physical or theoretical representations of its structure based on experimental data. This approach was crucial for proposing and validating the double helix configuration.

Nucleotide Composition

This concept involves the understanding that DNA is made up of repeating units called nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases. Recognizing the chemical components of DNA was essential for elucidating its structure and function.

X-ray Diffraction

A technique used to determine the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules. In the context of DNA, X-ray diffraction allowed researchers to capture detailed images of DNA fibers, providing evidence for its helical structure and guiding model creation.

DNA as the Genetic Material

The idea that DNA carries the genetic instructions for life was established through multiple experiments. Evidence from transformation studies and bacteriophage experiments showed that DNA, rather than proteins, is responsible for heredity.