Potassium sulfate has a solubility of 15 g / 100 g water at 40^∘ C. A solution is prepared by

step 1 given mass of potassium sulfate in solution is 39 .10 gram and mass of water in solution is 225

Potassium sulfate has a solubility of 15 g / 100 g water...

Potassium sulfate has a solubility of $15 \mathrm{~g} / 100 \mathrm{~g}$ water at $40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. A solution is prepared by adding $39.0 \mathrm{~g}$ of potassium sulfate to $225 \mathrm{~g}$ of water, carefully heating the solution, and cooling it to $40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. A homogeneous solution is obtained. Is this solution saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? The beaker is shaken, and precipitation occurs. How many grams of potassium sulfate would you expect to crystallize out?

Key Concepts

Solubility

Solubility refers to the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure to form a stable solution. It is a characteristic property of the solute-solvent pair and is typically expressed in units such as grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent.

Saturated, Unsaturated, and Supersaturated Solutions

These terms describe the concentration states of solutions based on how much solute is dissolved. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute according to its solubility, an unsaturated solution contains less than the maximum amount, and a supersaturated solution has more solute dissolved than what is normally possible at a specific temperature, resulting in an unstable state prone to crystallization.

Temperature Dependence of Solubility

Solubility is usually dependent on temperature; for many solids, solubility increases with temperature. This means that when a solution is heated, it can dissolve more solute, and upon cooling, the reduced solubility can lead to precipitation if the solution becomes supersaturated.

Precipitation and Crystallization

Precipitation is the process by which excess solute comes out of solution as solid particles when the solution exceeds its solubility limit, often triggered by changes such as cooling or agitation. Crystallization is the specific formation of regular, repeating solid structures from the solute during precipitation, which can be used to separate and purify the substance.

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