Questions 73-75 Refer to the following processes. (A)...

Questions $73-75$ Refer to the following processes.
(A) Ecological succession
(B) Commensalism
(C) Eutrophication
(D) Evolution
(E) Adaptive radiation
Due to competition for leaves on tall acacia trees, only the long- necked giraffes survived

Key Concepts

Natural Selection

Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution that results in individuals with traits best suited for their environment having a higher likelihood of surviving and reproducing. This process gradually increases the frequency of advantageous traits, such as longer necks in giraffes, within a population, while less effective traits diminish over time.

Adaptation

Adaptation involves the development of traits that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. These traits often emerge through the process of natural selection, as individuals with favorable characteristics are more likely to thrive in competitive conditions, such as limited resources or specific ecological niches.

Evolution

Evolution refers to the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It encompasses the processes by which organisms adapt and diversify in response to environmental pressures, such as competition for resources. In evolutionary biology, these changes can lead to the development of new traits that enhance survival and reproductive success.

Transcript

00:01 Let's talk about ecological succession.

00:04 So ecological succession is going to be a series of progressive changes in the species that make up the community over time.

00:12 And there is both primary and secondary succession.

00:16 So in primary succession, that's going to be newly exposed land or anything that is going to be colonized by living things for the first time.

00:30 And in secondary succession, that's going to be an area that was previously occupied by living things is disturbed.

00:38 And then it's going to be recolonized following the disturbance.

00:44 So succession is going to involve a progression from communities with lower species diversity that will probably be less stable to communities with higher species diversity, which is going to be way more stable.

00:58 Although that's not going to apply to every situation.

01:03 So primary succession, again, is when new land is formed or bare rock is exposed and that's going to provide a habitat that can be colonized for the first time.

01:16 So if you think about hawaii, so as lava flows into the ocean, there is going to be new rock formed.

01:27 So on, you know, the big island of hawaii, approximately 32 acres of land is going to be added every year.

01:36 So what's going to happen to that land first is weathering, natural forces is going to break down the substrate and rock enough for certain hardy plants and lichens to be established...

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