Refer to Figure 6. (a) Elderberries are often picked by...

Refer to Figure 6. (a) Elderberries are often picked by humans to make jelly or wine. They are also sought by hirds, who eat hundreds at a time. Explain which of these actions assists the elderberry plant. (b) If gibberellins were absent from these plants, how would their structure be different? Explain why. (c) If ethylene were not produced by this plant, what visible feature would likely not be present? Explain why not. FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Refer to Figure 6.
(a) Elderberries are often picked by humans to make jelly or wine. They are also sought by hirds, who eat hundreds at a time. Explain which of these actions assists the elderberry plant.
(b) If gibberellins were absent from these plants, how would their structure be different? Explain why.
(c) If ethylene were not produced by this plant, what visible feature would likely not be present? Explain why not.
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

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Key Concepts

Mutualistic Plant-Animal Interactions

This concept deals with the beneficial relationships that can develop between plants and animals. Animals that consume fruit can often help in dispersing seeds away from the parent plant, thereby enhancing the plant's reproductive success. However, not all interactions are beneficial; for example, if a fruit is harvested or consumed in a way that prevents seed dispersal, the plant’s fitness may be negatively impacted.

Gibberellins in Plant Growth Regulation

Gibberellins are a class of plant hormones that primarily control various aspects of growth and development. They are responsible for stem elongation, seed germination, and the overall size of the plant. A deficiency in gibberellins typically results in a dwarfed or stunted plant structure, showing how crucial these hormones are in promoting normal growth patterns.

Ethylene and Ripening Processes

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that plays a key role in coordinating the ripening of fruits, senescence, and the abscission process. Its production triggers the biochemical changes necessary for fruit ripening and the development of associated characteristics, such as color and aroma. Without ethylene, fruits may not ripen properly, leading to the absence of visible ripening features.

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