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Nelson Biology 11

Bob Ritter, Christine Adam-Carr, Douglas Fraser

Chapter 14

The Importance of Plants - all with Video Answers

Educators


Chapter Questions

04:51

Problem 1

Determine whether each statement is true or false. Rewrite the false statements to male them true.
(a) Palisade cells are found in the leaf and produce a waxy cuticle.
(b) Guard cells tend to open stomata during the night and close them during the day.
(c) Root hairs are extensions of xylem cells which increase surface area for absorption.
(d) Water lilies and geraniums are examples of xerophytes
(c) Monocotyledons typically have parallel venation in their leaves.
(f) The pericycle is a meristematic region of the root responsible for secondary growth.
(g) Secondary xylem growth forms wood and aids in support.
(h) Sieve tubes and companion cells are responsible for conducting water throughout the plant body.
(i) Succession eventually forms a climax forest.

Dennis Howard
Dennis Howard
Numerade Educator
01:29

Problem 1

What is succession? Explain why it happens. Do not merely list specific stages.

VS
Vivek Singh
Numerade Educator
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Problem 2

What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession?

Sanchit Jain
Sanchit Jain
Numerade Educator
12:39

Problem 2

Briefly describe the significance of each of the following:
(a) allelopathy
(b) mycorrhizae
(c) aerial roots
(d) cactus spines
(c) nodular nitrogen-fixing bacteria
(f) succulent leaves
(g) cotyledons
(h) vessels and tracheids
(i) seed coat
(j) plant competition

Qudsiya Anis
Qudsiya Anis
Numerade Educator
02:59

Problem 3

What is the relationship between plants and animals in succession?

Alexander Clippinger
Alexander Clippinger
Numerade Educator
03:21

Problem 3

Look carefully at the photograph in Figure 1.
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.
(a) What specific type of cells are found in area $x$ ?
(b) What is the function of these calls?
(c) What specific type of cells are found in area y?
(d) What is area $z$ ?
(e) What thin but special layer of tissue lies between $x$ and $y$ ? Ignore the dark crack in this area.
(f) What is the significance of this special thin layer?
(g) Of the areas seen, which is/are part of the tree's bark?

Rehana Riaz
Rehana Riaz
Numerade Educator
01:21

Problem 4

What are some factors that influence global plant distribution and abundance?

Magdalena Bentia
Magdalena Bentia
Numerade Educator
06:12

Problem 4

Create a table in your notebook to compare the following features of monocots and dicots leaf venation, seed structure, and arrangement of vascular tissue in stems and roots.

Qudsiya Anis
Qudsiya Anis
Numerade Educator
02:54

Problem 5

Explain wlat is nomant if a hreation is said to have huw biodiversity.

Nicholas Mogoi
Nicholas Mogoi
Numerade Educator
01:22

Problem 5

Name the growth regulator that is primarily responsible for each of the following:
(a) rapid stem elongation
(b) conversion of stored starches into sugars, such as when an apple ripens
(c) leaf growth
(d) elongation of root tips
(c) guard cell activity

Asma Venkitta
Asma Venkitta
Numerade Educator
02:09

Problem 6

What are the environmental consequences of an area with low biodiversity?

Breanna Kloczkowski
Breanna Kloczkowski
Numerade Educator
00:02

Problem 6

Seeds can remain dormant for extended periods of time.
(a) Why is seed dormancy a survival strategy?
(b) What factors trigger them to germinate?

Kayla Scholl
Kayla Scholl
Numerade Educator
01:01

Problem 7

List the important biological roles of the following nutrients in plants:
(a) nitrogen
(b) potassium
(c) phosphorus
(d) magnesium
(c) calcium
(f) sulfur

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator
02:26

Problem 7

Describe one specific situation which would illustrate how diversity is important to the survival of a specific species.

Qudsiya Anis
Qudsiya Anis
Numerade Educator
02:53

Problem 8

Most soil particles possess a negative electrical charge. Explain how this charge influences the availability of valuable ions for uptake by plant roots. Include a discussion of cation exchange mechanisms.

Hailey Ames
Hailey Ames
Numerade Educator
02:24

Problem 8

Explain, with examples, the difference between interspecies and intraspecies competition.

Parvati Devi
Parvati Devi
Numerade Educator
01:38

Problem 9

(a) Why is it not surprising that seeds and roots contain proteins and molecules with large quantities of chemical energy?
(b) Explain which plant products would be easier to store for long periods of time: seeds or roots.

Sirisa Reddy
Sirisa Reddy
Numerade Educator
01:34

Problem 9

What plant tissues would you expect to produce the most toxic chemicals: leaves, stems, roots, or fruits? Justify your answer.

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
01:03

Problem 10

Give two or three examples of plant products which are used for each of the following purposes. Identify the plant part from which the product is derived.
(a) flavourings
(b) therapeutic products
(c) wood finishes
(d) car or furniture waxes
(c) cosmetics

Gurlin Chudha
Gurlin Chudha
Numerade Educator
02:58

Problem 10

What major discovery led to the creation of the first synthetic fertilizers?

Adriano Chikande
Adriano Chikande
Numerade Educator
01:00

Problem 11

Humans use a wide variety of plant fibres and wood.
(a) What specific cell component makes up the bulk of fibre material?
(b) What plant part is harvested to produce cotton fibre?
(c) What are the advantages of plywood over solid lumber?

Asma Venkitta
Asma Venkitta
Numerade Educator
01:01

Problem 11

Indicate how nutrient demands for the elements $\mathrm{N}, \mathrm{P}$, and K change from the seedling to the fruiting stage of plant growth.

Narayan Hari
Narayan Hari
Numerade Educator

Problem 12

The production of ethanol fuel is a major industry in Brazil and has potential to grow in Ontario.
(a) What plants are being used in Brazil to supply this industry?
(b) What plants are the best candidates for this use in Ontario?
(c) Ethanol fuel is considered a renewable resource. Explain.
(d) What arguments are being used against this industry?

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03:25

Problem 12

Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of using compost instead of synthetic fertilizer on your garden.

VS
Vivek Singh
Numerade Educator

Problem 13

What environmental damage can be caused by excessive fertilizer applications?

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02:38

Problem 13

Refer to the tree cross section shown in Figure 2.
(a) Estimate the age of this tree when it was cut. Explain how you arrived at your answer.
(b) What mame applies to the dark area, x ?
(c) What name applies to the lighter area, $y$ ?
(d) What is the reason for the colour difference?
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Meredith Moody
Meredith Moody
Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Present the following data in an appropriate graphical form using percentage values.
TABLE CAN'T COPY.

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Problem 14

List at least five factors you would investigate before choosing one of four kinds of cucumber to plant in your garden.

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01:48

Problem 15

Describe the type of investigation that scientists must have used to gather evidence about what nutrients plants need in order to grow.

Josee Pacheco
Josee Pacheco
Numerade Educator
01:03

Problem 15

In addition to food, what other general types of products are derived from plants?

Gurlin Chudha
Gurlin Chudha
Numerade Educator
02:38

Problem 16

Refer to the two partial cross sections in Figure 3. One piece of oak $(y)$ is slightly darker than the other (x) because it has been exposed to air for longer. As a forest technician, you are asked to analyze these two tree sections.
(a) Compare the growth rates of trees $x$ and $y$.
(b) Explain the evidence for your previous answer.
(c) If both trees, $x$ and $y$, grew from acorns from the same parent tree, what factors could account for the different growth rates?
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Meredith Moody
Meredith Moody
Numerade Educator
01:45

Problem 16

Describe the role of artificial selection in the breeding and development of food crops.

Aditya Sood
Aditya Sood
Numerade Educator
02:38

Problem 17

Refer to Figure 4. As a plant biologist, you have been asked to answer the following questions posed by a tree plantation operator.
(a) Explain whether the oldest $x y l e m$ is closer to $x$ or $y$.
(b) Compare the changes in tree ring diameters as the tree ages. Suggest ways of accounting for these changes.
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Meredith Moody
Meredith Moody
Numerade Educator

Problem 17

Describe the key technological advances required by the green revalution.

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02:23

Problem 18

A plant biologist performs an investigation to compare the growth rates of conifer seedlings in both sterilized and unsterilized soil. She finds that even though both soils contain adequate quantities of nutrients, the plants in the sterile soil demonstrate very stunted growth. What is the most likely explanation?

Danielle Ashley
Danielle Ashley
Numerade Educator
03:59

Problem 18

Over hundreds of yearx, plant breeders have managed to modify the sea cabbage dramatically through the process of artificial selection. Match the food plant on the right with the special characteristic that would have
been selected in order to produce it. See Figure 5 in section 14.4 to help you.
(a) an enlarged terminal bud
1. cauliflower
(b) a thickened and swollen stern
2. cabbage
(c) an enlarged flower
3. kohlrabi
(d) enlarged lateral buds
4. broccoli
(c) thickened stems and flowers
5. Brussels sprouts
(f) enlarged leaves
6. kale and collards

Anas Venkitta
Anas Venkitta
Numerade Educator

Problem 19

Two farmers are contemplating planting a tomato crop. One farmer lives in southern Ontario and sells his tomatoes fresh in the late summer and fall to small local grocers. The second farmer lives in California. She sells most of her crop fresh during the winter months to Ontario grocery store chains.
(a) Contrast the important characteristics and tradeoffs that each might consider when choosing a tomato variety to plant.
(b) How might the expectations and preferences of the consumer change from fall to winter when choosing tomatoes?

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00:00

Problem 19

What type of plant product (food, medicine, fibre, etc.) is provided by each of the following?
(a) tannins
(f) rosy periwinkle
(b) flax
(g) hemp
(c) jojoba
(h) rattan
(d) logwood
(i) turpentine
(c) sisal
(j) salicylic acid

Parvati Devi
Parvati Devi
Numerade Educator
01:36

Problem 20

You are a young scientist who is not yet able to identify specific plant species. You walk through a forest and note that there seem to be four kinds of trees: A, B, C, and D. You can tell there are four different species even if you do not know exactly what they are. The specimens of $A$ and $B$ seem to be all quite old, though still healthy. Of the specimens of $C$ and $D$, some are mature, but not old, while others are at various levels of maturity. Among the plants making up the understorey are seedlings and saplings of C and D. No seedlings or suplings of species $A$ and $B$ are found.
(a) In terms of the process of succession, describe what stage this forest has reached. Explain.
(b) Describe specifically what this area will look like after 150 years.
(c) Explain why it will look different than it does now.

FZ
Fathima Zahra
Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Refer to Figure 1.
(a) Pieces $x$ and $y$ are both softwood trees. In general, what types of trees are these?
(b) Give a specific reason to explain which piece of wood would yield the larger amount of energy when burned.
(c) Suggest two uses for these woods other than burning.
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

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Problem 21

Describe one specific situation that illustrates how diversity is important to the survival of an entire community.

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Problem 21

What are the three key steps that must be taken to protect the genetic diversity of the world's plants?

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01:11

Problem 22

You perform some soil tests in your garden. The results indicate that the levels of all three major nutrients are low. The nutrient requirements for each type of plant you are planning to grow are provided. You will be planting them in separate garden beds. Suggest an NPK number for a fertilizer that would be appropriate for each garden bed early in the season.
(a) sweet potato N -low P-medium K-high
(b) strawberry N -medium P-medium K-low
(c) leaf lettuce N -high $\quad$-very high K-very high
(d) watermelons N -medium P -medium K -medium

Victor Salazar
Victor Salazar
Numerade Educator
00:45

Problem 22

Outline the impact the following technologies have had on both the quantity and quality of global food production:
(a) synthetic fertilizers
(b) modern pesticide use
(c) artificial selection and plant breeding

Hast Aggarwal
Hast Aggarwal
Numerade Educator
03:35

Problem 23

Use the data in Table 1 in section 14.7 to draw a pie chart that displays pesticide use by type on all crops in Ontario. Each segment should represent the percentage of the total for each type of pesticide.

Jackie Heldman
Jackie Heldman
Numerade Educator
06:50

Problem 23

Based on your own research and classroom discussions during this unit, express your opinions on society's willingness to fund and use new technologies to make advances in plant cultivation.

Sana Riaz
Sana Riaz
Numerade Educator
01:11

Problem 24

Suppose you have been given the responsibility of choosing which types of plant research should be funded. Rank the following research proposals from most to least important and briefly comment on what criteria you used to judge them:
(a) continued research into finding or creating valuable food crops with increased pest resistance and nutritional value
(b) a global effort to collect seed samples from plants for preservation in an international "gene pool bank"
(c) development of new strategies to use natural boological controls and organic farming techniques to eliminate the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides
(d) an intensive research program aimed at discovering new plant products including foods, medicines, and other chemicals

Hast Aggarwal
Hast Aggarwal
Numerade Educator
03:35

Problem 24

Use the data in Table 1 in section 14.7 to do both parts of this question. Examine also Figures 2 and 3, which show insecticide and fungicide use on Ontario crops. For each pie chart, determine and record in your notebook the percentages and their corresponding crops.
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Jackie Heldman
Jackie Heldman
Numerade Educator
02:51

Problem 25

Refer to Figure 5 for the following questions.
(a) Common nightshade tends to grow up and around any other plants or structures near it. Which part of the plant is specialized to grow this way?
(b) What advantages does the plant obtain by having this growth pattern?
(c) What type of leaf venation does this plant have?
(d) Suggest why the leaves of this plant never grow very large.
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Sirisa Reddy
Sirisa Reddy
Numerade Educator
01:57

Problem 25

It takes approximately 15 kg of grain to produce 1 kg of meat. Explain one obvious environmental benefit of a vegetarian diet.

Parvati Devi
Parvati Devi
Numerade Educator
05:52

Problem 26

Refer to Figure 6.
(a) Elderberries are often picked by humans to make jelly or wine. They are also sought by hirds, who eat hundreds at a time. Explain which of these actions assists the elderberry plant.
(b) If gibberellins were absent from these plants, how would their structure be different? Explain why.
(c) If ethylene were not produced by this plant, what visible feature would likely not be present? Explain why not.
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Asma Venkitta
Asma Venkitta
Numerade Educator

Problem 26

Describe the method(s) you think early humans used to discover the medicinal properties of plants before the advent of the modern scientific method.

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01:58

Problem 27

Note the various plants in Figure 7.
(a) What is the common name and biological name for the type of plant that is in the centre? Explain how you know at such a distance.
(b) Using the biological name, identify what type of plant the others in the photo are.
(c) What two major problems are encountered by very tall plants?
(d) What type of tissue solves both these problems? Explain how.
(e) What leaf features of the centre plant allow the leaves to stay on the plant all winter?
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Bryan Lynn
Bryan Lynn
Numerade Educator

Problem 27

What impacts has the long-term use of fertilizers had on society and the environment?

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00:15

Problem 28

Fugure 8 shows pinesap and a separate green vine on a forest floor.
(a) Why might you think pinesap is not a plant?
(b) What might you think it is? Why?
(c) If you were told it is a flowering plant, what would you look for in addition to flowers, assuming you had access to a microscope?
(d) What plant structures seem to be missing?
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Emily Marty
Emily Marty
Numerade Educator

Problem 28

How have environmental, economic, and societal concerns influenced the use of pesticides?

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01:31

Problem 29

Figure 9 shows marsh marigolds in early summer.
(a) In what type of habitat would you expect these plants to live?
(b) What is the name for plants that live in this habitat?
(c) What hormone activity is obvious from this photo?
(d) The stalled structures are the fruit clusters. What used to be found at that location? What would you expect to find inside the fruit?
(e) These plants almost disappear by late autumn. What two biological categories would these plants belong to?
(f) Explain why you would not expect to find bark on these plants.
FIGURE CAN'T COPY.

Parvati Devi
Parvati Devi
Numerade Educator

Problem 29

What are some questions you should ask before trying any herbal remedy? A perscription drug? Why should you ask these questions?

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01:05

Problem 30

Some personal products advertise that they contain all natural ingredients.
(a) Name three examples of specific products which make that claim.
(b) What do many people assume when they read that something is "all matural"?
(c) Explain why that assumption could be dangerous.

David Collins
David Collins
Numerade Educator

Problem 31

Trees are considered a renewable resource. Why?

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Problem 32

Some feel that we really only need to conserve nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels. Why should resources such as trees also be conserved?

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03:02

Problem 33

In the mid 1990s, people predicted that we would soon have a paperless society.
(a) What was meant by that prediction?
(b) Why did those people think they were right?
(c) Comment on how correct or incorrect they were.

Meghan Mulcahy
Meghan Mulcahy
Numerade Educator