Refer to the plot of temperature versus time (Fig. 10.21 )...

Refer to the plot of temperature versus time (Fig. $10.21$ ) showing the changes in the state if ice on heating (not to scale). Which of the following is correct? (A) The region $A B$ represents ice and water in thermal equilibrium. (B) At $B$, water starts boiling. (C) At $C$, all the water gets converted into steam. (D) $C$ to $D$ represents water and steam in equilibrium at boiling point.

Refer to the plot of temperature versus time (Fig. $10.21$ ) showing the changes in the state if ice on heating (not to scale). Which of the following is correct?
(A) The region $A B$ represents ice and water in thermal equilibrium.
(B) At $B$, water starts boiling.
(C) At $C$, all the water gets converted into steam.
(D) $C$ to $D$ represents water and steam in equilibrium at boiling point.

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Key Concepts

Heating Curve

A heating curve is a graph that plots temperature versus time or energy added to a substance during heating. It shows intervals where the temperature increases and plateaus where the substance undergoes phase transitions, indicating that the added energy is used for changing the state rather than raising the temperature.

Latent Heat

Latent heat is the energy required to change the phase of a substance at a constant temperature. During a phase change such as melting or boiling, the temperature remains constant because the absorbed heat energy is used to overcome intermolecular forces rather than to increase the temperature.

Phase Transitions

Phase transitions are processes where a substance changes from one state of matter to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. These transitions occur at specific temperatures under constant pressure and are marked on heating curves by flat regions where energy is absorbed at constant temperature.

Thermal Equilibrium During Phase Change

Thermal equilibrium during a phase change refers to the condition where two phases coexist at the same temperature. During the phase transition period, for example when ice and water or water and steam coexist, the system remains at a constant temperature despite the continuous addition of heat.

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