Sodium has ………………. as compared to potassium. (1) less clectroncgativity (2) more ionisation pote

step 1 Dear students, in problem 3 of chapter 10, we have asked that sodium as dash as compared to pota

Sodium has ………………. as compared to potassium. (1) less...

Key Concepts

Melting Point

Melting point is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid at atmospheric pressure. In metallic elements, melting points can be influenced by the nature of the metallic bonding and the arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice. For metals in the same group, variations in melting points can occur due to differences in these bonding characteristics, though they do not always follow a simple periodic trend.

Atomic Radius

Atomic radius is defined as the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outer boundary of its electron cloud. In a group of the periodic table, the atomic radius increases as one moves down because additional electron shells are added, which increases the size of the electron cloud, even though the effective nuclear charge might also increase.

First Ionization Energy

First ionization energy is the energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a neutral atom in its gaseous state. As one moves down a group in the periodic table, the first ionization energy usually decreases because the valence electron is further from the nucleus and is more shielded by inner electrons, making it easier to remove. Thus, elements higher in a group tend to have a higher ionization energy than those below.

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond. In the periodic table, electronegativity generally increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom. This means that for elements in the same group, the element higher up typically has a higher electronegativity compared to one lower down, due to the increasing distance of valence electrons from the nucleus and greater shielding.

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