Thallium and indium form +1 and +3 oxidation states when in compounds. Predict the formulas of t

Thallium and indium form +1 and +3 oxidation states when in...

Key Concepts

Ionic Compound Nomenclature

Naming ionic compounds involves following standardized rules where the name of the metal ion (cation) is stated first, followed by the name of the non-metal ion (anion) with any necessary charge information, particularly when the metal can form multiple oxidation states. This systematic approach ensures clear communication about the composition of the compound.

Predicting Compound Formulas

Predicting compound formulas involves using the known oxidation states of ions to balance their charges. This process entails calculating the correct proportion of cations and anions that will sum to a net charge of zero, resulting in a stable ionic compound.

Oxidation States

Oxidation states refer to the hypothetical charges that atoms would have if all bonds were completely ionic. They help predict the electron transfer in compounds and dictate the types and stoichiometry of compounds that elements can form. Understanding an element's common oxidation states is essential for anticipating its reactions and the formulas of the compounds it forms.

Charge Neutrality and Formula Determination

The principle of charge neutrality states that the sum of the positive and negative charges in an ionic compound must be zero. By using the known oxidation states of the constituent ions, one can determine the proper stoichiometric ratios needed in the compound formula to ensure that all charges cancel out.

Transcript

00:01 So in this video we're going to talk about question 32 from chapter 20, which says talium and indium form plus one and plus three oxidation states when in compounds.

00:10 Predict the formulas of the possible compounds between talium and oxygen and between indium and chlorine.

00:16 Name the compounds.

00:18 So we want to write the formula of the possible compound that could form between talium and oxygen.

00:25 So we have t l for talium and o for oxygen.

00:29 And then we're told, that talium could form a plus one or a plus three oxidation state.

00:34 So first let's consider when talium has a plus one oxidation state.

00:39 So when oxygen is an ionic compounds as the an ion, it takes a minus two charge because it prefers to react to gain two electrons to have the more stable noble gas configuration.

00:53 So we have a minus two charge on oxygen.

00:56 And then we were just told that the oxidation state on talium is plus one.

00:59 So we have plus one and minus two.

01:02 So we're going to need two of our cation in order to balance our charges.

01:06 So the balanced ionic compound is tl2o.

01:10 But what about if we have tallym with a plus three oxidation state? what would be the compound that that would form with oxygen? so again, oxygen has a minus two charge.

01:22 And this time, talium has a plus three charge.

01:25 So the least common multiple of our three and our two is a six.

01:29 So we're going to have overall a plus six contribution from the cations and a minus six contribution from the anion.

01:37 So to get from minus six, to get to minus six from minus two, we're going to need three.

01:42 And to get to plus six from plus three, we're going to need two.

01:46 So the balance our charges, we have tl2, o3.

01:51 And what about our compounds that form between endium and chlorine? so first let's take endium with a plus one oxidation state...

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