The bob of a simple pendulum is of mass 10 g . It is suspended with a thread of 1 m . If we ho

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The bob of a simple pendulum is of mass 10 g . It is...

The bob of a simple pendulum is of mass $10 \mathrm{~g} .$ It is suspended with a thread of $1 \mathrm{~m} .$ If we hold the bob so as to stretch the string horizontally and release it, what will be the tension at the lowest position? $\left(g=10 \mathrm{~ms}^{-2}\right)$ (a) Zero (b) $0.1 \mathrm{~N}$ (c) $0.3 \mathrm{~N}$ (d) $1.0 \mathrm{~N}$

The bob of a simple pendulum is of mass $10 \mathrm{~g} .$ It is suspended with a thread of $1 \mathrm{~m} .$ If we hold the bob so as to stretch the string horizontally and release it, what will be the tension at the lowest position? $\left(g=10 \mathrm{~ms}^{-2}\right)$
(a) Zero
(b) $0.1 \mathrm{~N}$
(c) $0.3 \mathrm{~N}$
(d) $1.0 \mathrm{~N}$

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Key Concepts

Tension in a Pendulum

The tension in the pendulum's string is the force exerted by the string to support the bob and provide the centripetal force for circular motion. At the lowest point, this tension is the sum of the bob’s weight (due to gravity) and the centripetal force required to maintain its curved path.

Centripetal Force

Centripetal force is the necessary inward force that keeps the pendulum bob moving in a circular arc. It is calculated as the mass times the square of the bob’s velocity divided by the radius of the circle, and it plays a critical role in analyzing the forces acting on the bob during its motion.

Conservation of Energy

Conservation of energy is a fundamental principle whereby the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum at its highest point is converted into kinetic energy at its lowest point. This transformation allows one to determine the speed of the pendulum bob using the change in height.

Simple Pendulum

A simple pendulum is a basic physical model consisting of a mass suspended from a fixed point by a light, inextensible string, which swings under the influence of gravity. It is used to study periodic motion and oscillations under ideal conditions where effects like air resistance are neglected.

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