Question

The following picture represents atoms of hypothetical, nonmetallic, monatomic elements $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$, and $\mathrm{C}$ in a container at a temperature of $4 \mathrm{~K}$ (the piston maintains the pressure at $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ ). None of these elements reacts with the others. a. What is the state (solid, liquid, or gas) of each of the elements represented in the container? b. Rank the elements in the container from greatest to least, in terms of intermolecular interactions. Explain your answer. C. What type(s) of intermolecular attractions are present in each of these elements? d. Explain which element has the greatest atomic mass. e. One of the elements in the container has a normal boiling point of $2 \mathrm{~K}$. Which element would that be $(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$, or $\mathrm{C}) ?$ How do you know? f. One of the elements has a melting point of $50 \mathrm{~K}$. Which element would that be $(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$, or $\mathrm{C}) ?$ Why? g. The remaining element (the one you have yet to choose) has a normal boiling point of $25 \mathrm{~K}$. Identify the element. Could this element have a freezing point of $7 \mathrm{~K} ?$ Explain. h. If you started heating the sample to $20 \mathrm{~K}$, explain what you would observe with regard to the container and its contents during the heating. i. Describe the container and its contents at $20 \mathrm{~K}$. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at $20 \mathrm{~K}$.1. Now you increase the temperature of the container to $30 \mathrm{~K}$. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at $30 \mathrm{~K}$. Be sure to note any changes in going from $20 \mathrm{~K}$ to $30 \mathrm{~K}$. k. Finally, you heat the container to $60 \mathrm{~K}$. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at this temperature. Be sure to note any changes in going from $30 \mathrm{~K}$ to $60 \mathrm{~K}$.

Name: Problem 25, Chapter 11: General Chemistry
Uploaded: 2021-11-28T13:28:40-08:00
Duration: 3 min 24 s
Channel: Lottie Adams

   The following picture represents atoms of hypothetical, nonmetallic, monatomic elements $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$, and $\mathrm{C}$ in a container at a temperature of $4 \mathrm{~K}$ (the piston maintains the pressure at $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ ). None of these elements reacts with the others.
a. What is the state (solid, liquid, or gas) of each of the elements represented in the container?
b. Rank the elements in the container from greatest to least, in terms of intermolecular interactions. Explain your answer.
C. What type(s) of intermolecular attractions are present in each of these elements?
d. Explain which element has the greatest atomic mass.
e. One of the elements in the container has a normal boiling point of $2 \mathrm{~K}$. Which element would that be $(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$, or $\mathrm{C}) ?$ How do you know?
f. One of the elements has a melting point of $50 \mathrm{~K}$. Which element would that be $(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$, or $\mathrm{C}) ?$ Why?
g. The remaining element (the one you have yet to choose) has a normal boiling point of $25 \mathrm{~K}$. Identify the element. Could this element have a freezing point of $7 \mathrm{~K} ?$ Explain.
h. If you started heating the sample to $20 \mathrm{~K}$, explain what you would observe with regard to the container and its contents during the heating.
i. Describe the container and its contents at $20 \mathrm{~K}$. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at $20 \mathrm{~K}$.1. Now you increase the temperature of the container to $30 \mathrm{~K}$. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at $30 \mathrm{~K}$. Be sure to note any changes in going from $20 \mathrm{~K}$ to $30 \mathrm{~K}$.
k. Finally, you heat the container to $60 \mathrm{~K}$. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at this temperature. Be sure to note any changes in going from $30 \mathrm{~K}$ to $60 \mathrm{~K}$.

General Chemistry

Darrell Ebbing,… 9th Edition

Chapter 11, Problem 25

Instant Answer

Solved by Expert Lottie Adams

11/28/2021

Step 1

Element A is a solid because the atoms are closely packed with no spaces in between. Element B is a liquid because the atoms are not as closely packed as in a solid, but are still relatively close to each other. Element C is a gas because the atoms are widely Show more…

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The following picture represents atoms of hypothetical, nonmetallic, monatomic elements $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$, and $\mathrm{C}$ in a container at a temperature of $4 \mathrm{~K}$ (the piston maintains the pressure at $1 \mathrm{~atm}$ ). None of these elements reacts with the others. a. What is the state (solid, liquid, or gas) of each of the elements represented in the container? b. Rank the elements in the container from greatest to least, in terms of intermolecular interactions. Explain your answer. C. What type(s) of intermolecular attractions are present in each of these elements? d. Explain which element has the greatest atomic mass. e. One of the elements in the container has a normal boiling point of $2 \mathrm{~K}$. Which element would that be $(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$, or $\mathrm{C}) ?$ How do you know? f. One of the elements has a melting point of $50 \mathrm{~K}$. Which element would that be $(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$, or $\mathrm{C}) ?$ Why? g. The remaining element (the one you have yet to choose) has a normal boiling point of $25 \mathrm{~K}$. Identify the element. Could this element have a freezing point of $7 \mathrm{~K} ?$ Explain. h. If you started heating the sample to $20 \mathrm{~K}$, explain what you would observe with regard to the container and its contents during the heating. i. Describe the container and its contents at $20 \mathrm{~K}$. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at $20 \mathrm{~K}$.1. Now you increase the temperature of the container to $30 \mathrm{~K}$. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at $30 \mathrm{~K}$. Be sure to note any changes in going from $20 \mathrm{~K}$ to $30 \mathrm{~K}$. k. Finally, you heat the container to $60 \mathrm{~K}$. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at this temperature. Be sure to note any changes in going from $30 \mathrm{~K}$ to $60 \mathrm{~K}$.

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Key Concepts

States of Matter

This concept covers the classification of substances as solids, liquids, or gases based on the conditions such as temperature and pressure. Understanding how these conditions affect the kinetic energy of particles helps explain why substances transition between states, particularly near phase boundaries like melting and boiling points.

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules or atoms. In the context of nonpolar, monatomic substances, these forces are predominantly London dispersion forces. Recognizing the role and relative strength of these forces is essential for predicting physical properties such as melting and boiling points.

London Dispersion Forces

A type of van der Waals force, London dispersion forces arise due to momentary fluctuations in electron density in atoms and molecules. Their magnitude increases with greater polarizability, which is often related to atomic size and mass. This largely determines the degree of attraction between nonmetallic, monatomic species.

Phase Transitions and Phase Diagrams

Phase transitions, such as melting and boiling, occur when a substance changes state as a result of changes in temperature and/or pressure. Phase diagrams provide a map of the state of a substance under different conditions, making it possible to predict the behavior of materials as the environmental parameters are varied.

Atomic Mass Effects

The atomic mass of an element influences its physical characteristics, such as boiling and melting points, through its effect on dispersion forces. Higher atomic mass generally means increased polarizability and stronger London dispersion forces, which can lead to higher transition temperatures between different states of matter.

Pressure Effects on Phase Behavior

Maintaining a constant pressure, such as with a piston in an experimental setup, constrains the system and influences phase transitions. Understanding how pressure interacts with temperature provides insight into why a substance might remain in a particular state or change phase when heated or cooled.

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