The names given for the following compounds are incorrect....

The names given for the following compounds are incorrect. Write the correct name for each compound. (a) $\mathrm{Cu}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4},$ copper(III) phosphate (b) $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$, sodium sulfide (c) $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$, manganese(II) oxide (d) $\mathrm{AuCl}_{3},$ gold chloride (e) $\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)_{2}$, lead(II) acetate (f) $\mathrm{Ni}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{3},$ nickel(II) sulfide

The names given for the following compounds are incorrect. Write the correct name for each compound.
(a) $\mathrm{Cu}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4},$ copper(III) phosphate
(b) $\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$, sodium sulfide
(c) $\mathrm{MnO}_{2}$, manganese(II) oxide
(d) $\mathrm{AuCl}_{3},$ gold chloride
(e) $\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)_{2}$, lead(II) acetate
(f) $\mathrm{Ni}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{3},$ nickel(II) sulfide

Key Concepts

Oxidation States

Understanding oxidation states is crucial for determining the correct name of a metal in ionic compounds, especially when a metal can exhibit different charges (variable valency). The oxidation state is indicated in the compound's name using Roman numerals, and it must balance the overall charge of the compound when combined with the counter ion. This helps in avoiding naming errors such as assigning an incorrect oxidation number to a metal.

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed of several atoms bound together, and they are commonly encountered in ionic compounds. Each polyatomic ion has a specific name and formula that must be memorized or referenced from standard lists. Recognizing polyatomic ions like phosphate, sulfate, carbonate, and acetate is essential because they determine the anion part of the compound's name and help in establishing the correct stoichiometric ratios for charge neutrality in the compound.

Ionic Compound Nomenclature

This concept covers the systematic rules used to name ionic compounds. In naming these compounds, the cation (usually a metal) is named first with its oxidation state indicated in Roman numerals if it has more than one possible charge. The anion (often a nonmetal or polyatomic ion) is named second, and its name is typically modified to end in '-ide', '-ate', or '-ite' based on its composition. Correctly applying these rules ensures that the name of the compound accurately reflects its chemical composition.

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