Un manómetro de extremo abierto que contiene mercurio se...

Un manómetro de extremo abierto que contiene mercurio se conecta a un recipiente con gas, como se ilustra en el EJERCICIO TIPO 10.2. Calcule la presión en torr del gas encerrado en cada una de las situaciones siguientes. (a) El mercurio en la rama conectada al gas está $13.6 \mathrm{~cm}$ más arriba que en la rama abierta a la atmósfera; la presión atmosférica es de $1.05 \mathrm{~atm}$. (b) El mercurio en la rama conectada al gas está $12 \mathrm{~mm}$ más abajo que en la rama abierta a la atmósfera; la presión atmosférica es de $0.988 \mathrm{~atm}$.

Key Concepts

Pressure Unit Conversion

Pressure unit conversion is essential when translating measurements between different units, such as from atmospheres to torr. Understanding that 1 atm is equivalent to 760 torr allows for straightforward conversions, ensuring consistency and accuracy in calculations involving pressure differences.

Manometer

A manometer is an instrument used to measure pressure by balancing the weight of a fluid column between two points. In an open-end manometer, one end of the device is exposed to atmospheric pressure while the other is connected to a system, allowing the difference in fluid column heights to indicate the pressure difference between the system and the atmosphere.

Hydrostatic Pressure

Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity. It is directly related to the height difference of the fluid column, the density of the fluid, and the gravitational acceleration. In measurements with fluids such as mercury, the height displacement is used to calculate the pressure difference between two points.

Gauge vs. Absolute Pressure

Gauge pressure is the pressure measured relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure, whereas absolute pressure is measured relative to a perfect vacuum. Manometers that are open to the atmosphere typically provide measurements that must be adjusted by including or excluding atmospheric pressure to arrive at either gauge or absolute pressure, depending on the context.

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