Un rayo impacta en un árbol, moviendo 20,0 C de carga a través de una diferencia de potencial de

Un rayo impacta en un árbol, moviendo 20,0 C de carga a...

Un rayo impacta en un árbol, moviendo $20,0 \mathrm{C}$ de carga a través de una diferencia de potencial de $1,00 \times 10^2 \mathrm{MV}$. (a) ¿Qué energía se disipó? (b) ¿Qué masa de agua se pudo elevar de $15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ hasta el punto de ebullición y luego hirvió por esta energía? (c) Discuta el daño que la expansión del vapor hirviendo podría causar al árbol.

Key Concepts

Latent Heat of Vaporization

This concept defines the energy required to convert a unit mass of a substance from liquid to vapor without a change in temperature. It is essential for determining how much energy is necessary to completely boil a substance once it has reached its boiling point.

Mechanical Effects of Rapid Thermal Expansion

When a substance like water is rapidly heated and changes its phase from liquid to vapor, the rapid expansion can exert significant pressure on its surroundings. This mechanical effect can lead to structural damage, as the expanding vapor creates stresses that materials, such as wood, may not be able to withstand.

Energy Conversion from Electrical to Thermal Energy

When electrical energy is dissipated, it often transforms into thermal energy. This conversion is used in problems where the dissipated energy results in heating a medium, such as water, eventually causing changes in temperature or a phase transition.

Electric Potential Energy

This concept refers to the energy acquired by a charge when it is moved through an electric potential difference; it is calculated as the product of the charge and the voltage. In many problems, including this one, it is the starting point for determining how much energy is available for subsequent transformations.

Specific Heat Capacity

This is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius. It is a crucial concept when calculating the energy needed to warm a substance from a lower temperature to its melting or boiling point.

Transcript

00:02 In the given problem, a lightning bolt is passing a charge of 20 .0 cullum to a tree, having a potential difference of 1 .00 into 10 -2 megavolt between the tree and the point point.

00:32 From there this lightning bolt is traveling to the tree.

00:38 So in the first part of the problem we have to find the energy which will be transferred to the tree in the form of this lightning bolt for which we use the simple expression for electrostatic potential energy as a product of charge and the potential difference so, as the charge is 20 .0 kulam multiplied by the potential difference, 1 .00 into 10 tish per 2 or simply we can say this is 100 volt or 100 into 10 rich par 6 volt as this was mega volt.

01:21 So finally this answer for the energy being transferred to the tree will come out to be 2 .0 into 10 dashed by 9 joules which is the first which is the answer, which is the answer for the first part of the problem.

01:36 Now, in the second part of the problem, we have to find the total mass of the water, which will be evaporated using this much high energy.

01:51 And initially, the temperature of the water is said to be 15 degrees celsius.

01:58 So first of all, it will be raised to the boiling point means 100 degrees celsius and then it will be evaporated.

02:08 So the total energy used over here will be, first of all, the energy will be used to increase the temperature for which the expression is the product of the mass of the water with it's a specific heat capacity and the change in temperature.

02:29 Then another part of the energy will be used in changing the state of the water from liquid to vapor, whose expression is just the product of mass with the latent heat of vaporization...

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