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Name: Problem 7, Chapter 16: Anatomy and Physiology of Animals
Uploaded: 2020-06-29T05:55:14-08:00
Duration: 1 min
Channel: Jorge Villanueva

Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/I/ reflextest) to see how to test reflexes in the abdomen. Testing reflexes of the trunk is not commonly performed in the neurological exam, but if findings suggest a problem with the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, a series of superficial reflexes of the abdomen can localize function to those segments. If contraction is not observed when the skin lateral to the umbilicus (belly button) is stimulated, what level of the spinal cord may be damaged?

Key Concepts

Neurological Examination

Neurological examination involves various tests that help assess the integrity and function of the nervous system. This includes the evaluation of reflexes to localize potential lesions, determine the level of neurological impairment, and guide further diagnostic and treatment decisions.

Reflex Arc

The reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. It typically involves a sensory receptor, afferent nerve fibers, a central processing unit (such as the spinal cord), efferent nerve fibers, and an effector muscle. Understanding how the reflex arc works is essential to interpreting abnormal responses during clinical examinations.

Segmental Innervation and Dermatomes

Segmental innervation refers to the concept that specific areas of the body (dermatomes) are innervated by nerves originating from corresponding segments of the spinal cord. Recognizing these patterns is crucial in clinical neurology to correlate deficits in sensation or motor function with damage at particular spinal levels.

Abdominal Reflex

The abdominal reflex is a superficial reflex elicited by stroking the skin of the abdomen, which normally results in a contraction of the underlying muscles. This reflex is mediated by specific thoracic spinal segments and is used to assess the integrity of the corresponding neural pathways. Abnormal findings in this reflex can help pinpoint the level of spinal cord involvement.

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