Water rises to a height of 16.3 cm in a capillary of height 18 cm above the water level. If th

step 1 As this question says, water rise to a height of a 16 .3 cm in a capillary of height 18 cm above

Water rises to a height of 16.3 cm in a capillary of height...

Water rises to a height of $16.3 \mathrm{~cm}$ in a capillary of height $18 \mathrm{~cm}$ above the water level. If the tube is cut at a height of $12 \mathrm{~cm}$ in the capillary tube, (a) water will come as a fountain from the capillary tube (b) water will stay at a height of $12 \mathrm{~cm}$ in the capillary tube (c) the height of water in the capillary tube will be $10.3 \mathrm{~cm}$ (d) water height flow down the sides of the capllary tube

Water rises to a height of $16.3 \mathrm{~cm}$ in a capillary of height $18 \mathrm{~cm}$ above the water level. If the tube is cut at a height of $12 \mathrm{~cm}$ in the capillary tube,
(a) water will come as a fountain from the capillary tube
(b) water will stay at a height of $12 \mathrm{~cm}$ in the capillary tube
(c) the height of water in the capillary tube will be $10.3 \mathrm{~cm}$
(d) water height flow down the sides of the capllary tube

Key Concepts

Capillary Action

Capillary action refers to the phenomenon in which a liquid rises or falls in a narrow tube (or porous material) due to the interplay between cohesive forces within the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube’s surface. The phenomenon is governed by the liquid’s surface tension and contact angle, allowing the liquid to move against gravity up to an equilibrium height determined by the tube’s radius and the liquid’s properties.

Surface Tension

Surface tension is the property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive forces between its molecules. In capillary phenomena, surface tension is responsible for the curvature of the liquid surface (meniscus) and therefore plays a critical role in establishing the pressure difference needed to support a column of liquid in narrow tubes.

Hydrostatic Pressure

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity. In the context of capillary action, the weight of the liquid column increases with height, and capillary action will continue to raise the liquid only until the upward capillary force (from surface tension effects) is balanced by the downward hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column.

Equilibrium in Capillary Tubes

The equilibrium in a capillary tube is reached when the upward force due to surface tension exactly balances the downward gravitational force on the liquid column, determined by hydrostatic pressure. If the tube is shortened while maintaining the same internal conditions, the liquid will adjust to fill the available space, reaching an equilibrium state that is governed by the geometry of the tube rather than the original capillary rise height.

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