What are the IUPAC names of the following alkanes? |...

Name: Problem 50, Chapter 23: Chemistry
Uploaded: 2020-04-12T18:07:54-08:00
Duration: 11 min 37 s
Channel: Ricajoy Montero
Description: What are the IUPAC names of the following alkanes?

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature refers to the standardized system for naming chemical compounds as established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This system ensures that each compound has a unique and descriptive name that reflects its chemical structure, making communication among chemists clear and unambiguous.

Alkanes

Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms where all bonds are single bonds. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, and their systematic naming involves identifying the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms as the base name and suffix.

Parent Chain Selection

Determining the correct parent chain is essential in the systematic naming of alkanes. The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the molecule, and its selection affects the numbering and naming of the compound, ensuring that the names of substituents and positions are derived logically.

Numbering and Substituent Identification

Once the parent chain is chosen, the carbon atoms are numbered in a way that gives the substituents the lowest possible numbers. Substituents such as alkyl groups are identified, named, and their position along the parent chain is specified, which is a critical step in naming alkanes according to IUPAC rules.

Transcript

00:01 Alright, so problem 50, we're naming some alkanes, right? okay, so let's go for it, starting with part a here.

00:11 So again, first step is to find the longest chain we could find.

00:15 So looking at the structure, this seems to be the longest chain, right? and next is we number according to where we have the first branch point.

00:28 Okay, so i think it's pretty clear that the first branch point, this is closer if you count from the right instead of from the left because if you count from the left this would be your first branch point but if you count from the right this is your first branch point and this is just closer to the end hopefully i explained that well but anyways let's go ahead and count we got one two three four five six seven and eight okay so we got eight carbons meaning we have an octane right we got an octane for eight next is let's go and find our alkyo groups okay so here on carbon three we have a methyl group so we have three methyl, okay.

01:43 And on carbon four, we have an ethyl group, okay? so we have ch2, ch3, which is ethyl.

01:55 So we got four ethyl.

02:01 So now that we have that, we can go ahead and combine every information that we have.

02:07 Okay, so we go by alphabetical.

02:13 And since e goes before m, we start with 4 ethel.

02:20 So we got 4 -ethyl -3 -metall octane.

02:36 So 4 -ethyl -3 -methyl octane.

02:40 Next, part b.

02:43 Again, find the longest chain.

02:46 And i think this would still be our longest chain.

02:50 All right.

02:51 And as usual, it looks like the first first first chain.