What is the conjugate acid of each of the following? What is...

What is the conjugate acid of each of the following? What is the conjugate base of each? $$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) } \mathrm{OH}^{-}} \\ {\text { (b) } \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}} \\ {\text { (c) } \mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}} \\ {\text { (d) } \mathrm{NH}_{3}} \\ {\text { (e) } \mathrm{HSO}_{4}-} \\ {\text { (f) } \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}} \\ {\text { (g) } \mathrm{HS}^{-}} \\ {\text { (h) } \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}_{2}^{+}}\end{array} $$

What is the conjugate acid of each of the following? What is the conjugate base of each?
$$
\begin{array}{l}{\text { (a) } \mathrm{OH}^{-}} \\ {\text { (b) } \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}} \\ {\text { (c) } \mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}} \\ {\text { (d) } \mathrm{NH}_{3}} \\ {\text { (e) } \mathrm{HSO}_{4}-} \\ {\text { (f) } \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}} \\ {\text { (g) } \mathrm{HS}^{-}} \\ {\text { (h) } \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{N}_{2}^{+}}\end{array}
$$

Key Concepts

Conjugate Acid and Base

These are paired species formed during acid-base reactions when a proton is transferred. The conjugate acid is produced when a base accepts a proton, and the conjugate base forms when an acid donates a proton. This concept is central to understanding the changes that occur during chemical reactions involving proton exchange.

Brønsted–Lowry Acid-Base Theory

This theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. It provides the framework for identifying conjugate acid-base pairs, as each acid or base transforms into its conjugate counterpart when it loses or gains a proton, respectively.

Proton Transfer

Proton transfer is the mechanism by which a proton moves from one chemical species to another during an acid-base reaction. This process results in the formation of conjugate pairs and is essential for understanding the dynamics and equilibrium of acid-base systems.

Equilibrium in Acid-Base Reactions

In acid-base reactions, the reaction typically reaches an equilibrium where both the original species and their conjugate forms coexist. Understanding this equilibrium is vital for predicting the direction of proton transfer and the relative strengths of acids and bases in various environments.

Transcript

00:01 Problem 7 from chapter 14 is asking us to take the molecules that are provided in the question and give the conjugated acid and base forms of that molecule.

00:14 So what that means in terms of a conjugated acid, it means that the starting molecule must have accepted a proton, and the resulting molecule now has an additional proton, where now it has become acidic, in that it could lose that proton again in a reverse reaction.

00:35 The opposite applies for the conjugate base.

00:38 The original molecule to become the conjugate base must have lost a proton.

00:46 So the conjugate base is capable of accepting a proton, which is why it is the conjugate base.

00:55 So let's start by answer.

01:01 During the question a, your part a of the question.

01:07 So we have a hydroxide ion.

01:14 And on one side, let's, this is going to be the addition of a hydrogen ion, the addition of a proton.

01:25 This molecule on this side is going to be the conjugate acid, which in this case is water.

01:36 And when we convert this, molecule into its conjugate -based form, we are subtracting a proton, and we are left with the oxygen atom.

01:59 Great.

02:00 So let's move on to part b of this question, where we have bicarbonate.

02:17 And just to save some time, i'm not going to add the additional proton on top of this side.

02:24 Just know that everything to the right is going to be the conjugate acid form.

02:29 Of the molecule.

02:30 So when we add a proton to bicarbonate, we're going to get carbonic acid.

02:35 So it gains a proton, converting it to carbonic acid.

02:45 And then when we lose a proton, we are going to get co3 -2 -1.

03:01 Again, i'm not going to write the loss of a proton on the left -hand side.

03:07 So all the things in the left -hand side are going to, to be the conjugate base from now on.

03:13 Next molecule we have is ammonia.

03:26 And we have, we gain a proton, so then this ammonia is going to become ammonia.

03:40 And on the other side, we have a loss of proton, so it's going to become nh2 minus, which is a conjugate base form of ammonia...

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