The formula is given by:
\[ \beta = 10 \log_{10} \left( \frac{I}{I_0} \right) \]
where:
- \( \beta \) is the sound intensity level,
- \( I \) is the intensity of the sound, and
- \( I_0 \) is the reference intensity, which is \(1 \times 10^{-12} \,
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