What monomers would be used to make the following polymers?...

Key Concepts

Polymerization Mechanisms

Polymerization is the process by which monomers are chemically bonded into long chains or networks to form polymers. There are mainly two types of polymerization mechanisms that are relevant: addition (chain-growth) polymerization, where monomers add together without the loss of any small molecules, and condensation (step-growth) polymerization, which involves the elimination of small molecules (often water) during the reaction. The mechanism chosen depends on the type of monomers and the desired polymer structure.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have defined reactivity. In the context of polymer synthesis, these groups determine how monomers will react during polymerization. For example, vinyl groups are essential for addition polymerization, while carboxylic acids and amines are key for condensation polymerization reactions. Understanding the functional groups present in monomers is critical for predicting their behavior in various polymerization processes.

Monomers

Monomers are the small, reactive molecules that serve as the building blocks for polymers. They typically contain one or more reactive functional groups that allow them to link together through covalent bonds during the polymerization process. Their structure and functionality dictate the properties and behavior of the final polymer, making the choice of monomer crucial in synthetic polymer chemistry.

Transcript

00:01 Okay, so i want to give the monomers that created these polymers, and the first polymer, we'll see this, a little part of it, and it continues in that direction, and this is attached to a two -carbon chain, with an oxygen, which continues on.

00:33 And this is an example of a product obtained through the condensation of plumbersation reaction.

00:38 It takes place between a di -carbossil or a diamine, but we could also have a variation of this where we have an alcohol and a carbosylacid on the same structure or an amine at a carbosylac acid which could react with itself so if we had like two amino ethanolic acid as an example this would react with itself and this would be a variation of the condensation plumpersacea reaction so this is carbon two one and this would be the carbosol acid but for the monomer for this it's just going to be a um a regular condensation polymerization reaction and we're just going to redraw the we're just going to redraw this as a die carboxic acid and then redraw this as a two carbon dial so the first the mean i mean the first monomer is a benzene ring attached to two carbosyl acids it's also more complex example of a die carbosyl acid as opposed to just a straight chain alken then i have redrawl in the other monomer as a two carbon dial, which would be ethane -1 -2 dial.

02:06 And if you react in alcohol with a carbosylc acid, you'll get an ester, and these reactions require the use of an acid catalyst, because the alcohol isn't strong enough to attack the carbonyl directly, we have to pertinate the oxygen of the carbosyl acid.

02:20 It'll be this one.

02:22 And based upon the resin structure, we'll have a positive charge on this carbon, which is going to make it more electrophilic and easier for the alcohol to attack it.

02:31 So using some acid catalyst, it's going to lead to the loss of water and give us the ester, and the polymer shown above.

02:41 And then for b, we have this polymer, you're part of it, and we have chlorines on each carbon.

02:54 I'm just going to draw the repeating unit instead of all the chlorines.

03:02 And this is an example of a product obtained through the addition to polymerization reaction.

03:06 It takes place between an achine and erratical.

03:10 So really, we're just going to redraw the monomer as an alken, and each carbon just has chlorine attached to it.

03:21 So starting with a two carbon alken, and then drawing what you say.

03:31 And we can generate a radical through, well, one possibility is peroxide.

03:37 And in the presence of heat, pressure, or uv -alate, the oxygen -oxygen single bond is going to break.

03:45 Each oxygen will get an electron, and it's going to give us two oxygen radicals.

03:50 One oxy radical is going to attack the less hindered carbon of the akeen to give us more substitute a radical.

03:58 So it can really attack either one.

04:00 And this carbon gets a radical.

04:01 This is carbon 1 and 2.

04:03 And this will give us the monomer shown above.

04:09 So our polymer is, i mean, our monomer is the structure.

04:19 And then for c, we have this...

Please give Ace some feedback