Question
When the Titanic sank in 1912 , both male and female crew members had a higher survival rate than the third-class passengers. However, overall the third-class passengers had a higher survival rate than the crew. What do we call this phenomenon?
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48. Survival on the Titanic Newspaper headlines at the time, and traditional wisdom in the succeeding decades, have held that women and children escaped the Titanic in greater proportions than men. Here's a table with the relevant data. Do you think that survival was independent of whether the person was male or female? Explain: Female Male Total Alive 359 353 712 Dead 130 1366 1496 Total 489 1719 2208
On the Titanic, the probability of survival was 0.323. Among first class passengers, it was 0.625. Were survival and ticket class independent? Explain.
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38. Women and children first? Here's another table that summarizes data on survival status by gender and class of travel on the Titanic: Class of travel First class | Second class | Third class Survival status | Female Male | Female Male | Female Male Survived | 140 57 | 80 14 | 76 75 Died | 4 118 | 13 154 | 89 387 (a) Find the distributions of survival status for males and for females within each class of travel. Did women survive the disaster at higher rates than men? Explain. (b) In an earlier example, we noted that survival status is associated with class of travel. First-class passengers had the highest survival rate, while third-class passengers had the lowest survival rate. Does this same relationship hold for both males and females in all three classes of travel? Explain.
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