Which of the following is not a type of carcinogen? a. tobacco smoke b. radiation c. pollutants

Which of the following is not a type of carcinogen? a....

Key Concepts

Carcinogens

Carcinogens are substances, exposures, or agents that can cause cancer by inducing cellular damage, such as DNA mutations or epigenetic changes, which lead to uncontrolled cell growth.

Chemical Carcinogens

Chemical carcinogens include compounds like those found in tobacco smoke and environmental pollutants. These substances can interact with cellular molecules and cause mutations that may lead to cancer development.

Physical Carcinogens

Physical carcinogens refer primarily to various forms of radiation, including ultraviolet and ionizing radiation. These forms of energy can damage the DNA within cells, thereby initiating or promoting cancer.

Biological Carcinogens

Biological carcinogens encompass organisms such as viruses that can contribute to cancer by integrating their genetic material into host cells or causing chronic inflammation, which promotes carcinogenesis.

Transcript

00:01 So for this question, we are asked to decide which of those factors is going to be considered a carcinogen.

00:09 And so what a carcinogen is is something that can essentially cause mutations that lead to cancer by being mutagenic or causing mutations.

00:24 So i'm just going to go through factors.

00:32 So for our first factor that we're going to talk about as radiation.

00:37 So these gases, fuels, x -rays, all those things are capable of affecting dna and causing mutations, which can lead to cancer.

01:18 And so one good example of how this is occurring is within the fifth.

01:25 Any of the chernobyl power station in ukraine in which we've seen higher rates of cancer and higher mortality from cancer.

01:38 So that's just like a verification that these things can be really bad for you and can cause cancer.

01:48 And then the next example is tobacco smoke, which is considered an organic chemical and the tobacco smell contains organic chemicals and the smoke itself isn't really a good chemical and these organic chemicals are known to cause mutations and i'll just give you some examples that they talk about in the book they talk about benyl chloride and nitrosol nor nicotine and then they also talk about the benzopurings, which are suppressors of p53.

02:56 So basically the longer you smoke, the more you smoke and like just, yeah, the like more that you're smoking per day and the amount of like days, years that you smoke will contribute to the likelihood that cancer is going to develop.

03:21 If you are smoking like six packs a day, that's going to be a lot worse for you than someone who just smokes one pack a day, but both of them will have an increased risk of cancer, but the more you're smoking, it's going to be a higher risk.

03:35 And then also, so they can hand smoke, they also mentioned in here, also really dangerous because you're still getting a lot of those.

03:43 Organic chemicals that can cause gene mutations...

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