Which of the following is not true of the diving reflex? (a)...

Which of the following is not true of the diving reflex?
(a) breathing stops (b) the heart slows (c) less blood is distributed to the muscles (d) metabolic rate increases by about $20 \%$ (e) energy consumption decreases

Key Concepts

Metabolic Rate Adjustment

Metabolic rate adjustment during the diving reflex is characterized by a decrease, not an increase, in energy consumption. This reduction in metabolism helps extend the duration of oxygen utilization under water, ensuring that vital organs continue to function efficiently during periods of limited oxygen availability.

Peripheral Vasoconstriction

Peripheral vasoconstriction involves the narrowing of blood vessels, particularly in the limbs, to reduce blood flow to non-essential muscles and tissues. This mechanism during the diving reflex helps redirect oxygen-rich blood to vital organs, thereby conserving overall oxygen supply.

Diving Reflex

The diving reflex is an instinctive physiological response observed in mammals, including humans, when submerged in water. It optimizes respiration by prioritizing oxygen delivery to vital organs such as the brain and heart during prolonged underwater submersion.

Apnea

Apnea refers to the temporary cessation of breathing, an automatic response during the diving reflex that helps conserve oxygen while submerged. This reflexive pause in breathing minimizes oxygen consumption and is a critical component of the overall reflex.

Bradycardia

Bradycardia is the slowing of the heart rate, which occurs during the diving reflex. This response, mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system, helps reduce oxygen consumption by decreasing the workload of the heart during periods when oxygen is scarce.

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