Which of the following processes are spontaneous? (a) cleaning up your desk (b) building a house

step 1 So a process, whether it is physical or chemical, can be spontaneous or non -spontaneous. So the

Which of the following processes are spontaneous? (a)...

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Key Concepts

Activation Energy

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a process. Even if a process is thermodynamically spontaneous, a significant activation energy barrier can slow down its rate, meaning that observable spontaneity may require a catalyst or additional energy to overcome this barrier.

Entropy

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. Processes that result in an overall increase in entropy are generally favored, contributing to the spontaneity of a process when considered alongside free energy changes.

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that helps predict whether a process will be spontaneous under constant pressure and temperature. A negative change in Gibbs free energy (?G < 0) indicates that the process can occur spontaneously.

Spontaneous Processes

Spontaneous processes are those that occur naturally without the need for continuous external input. They occur because the conditions in the system favor the reaction or change, often associated with a decrease in free energy, making the process thermodynamically favorable.

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