Which of the following statements is false? a. Trypsin...

Which of the following statements is false? a. Trypsin digests proteins in the small intestine. b. Enzymes on the brush border of the small intestine complete the digestion of carbohydrates. c. Free fatty acids are absorbed across the apical membranes of small intestinal epithelial cells d. Approximately 10% of the world’s adult population is lactoseintolerant. e. Bile is a mixture of wastes, HCO3 –, cholesterol, and amphipathic compounds.

Which of the following statements is false?
a. Trypsin digests proteins in the small intestine.
b. Enzymes on the brush border of the small intestine complete the
digestion of carbohydrates.
c. Free fatty acids are absorbed across the apical membranes of small
intestinal epithelial cells d. Approximately 10% of the world’s adult population is lactoseintolerant.
e. Bile is a mixture of wastes, HCO3
–, cholesterol, and amphipathic
compounds.

Key Concepts

Digestive Enzymes in Protein Digestion

This concept involves the breakdown of proteins in the digestive system by enzymes. Proteases, such as trypsin, are secreted into the small intestine where they cleave peptide bonds, reducing proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids that are further processed and absorbed.

Brush Border Enzymes

These enzymes are located on the microvilli of the small intestinal epithelial cells and play a critical role in completing the digestion of carbohydrates. They catalyze the final hydrolysis steps of disaccharides into monosaccharides, making these sugars available for absorption.

Fat Absorption

This involves the process by which dietary fats, after being emulsified by bile salts, are digested by lipases into free fatty acids and monoglycerides. These molecules are then absorbed through the apical membranes of intestinal epithelial cells, often involving formation of micelles for efficient uptake.

Lactose Intolerance

Lactose intolerance is characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme lactase, which is necessary for the digestion of lactose, a sugar found in milk. This condition varies in prevalence across different populations and can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms after dairy consumption.

Bile Composition and Function

Bile is a complex fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It contains bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, bicarbonate, and waste compounds. Its amphipathic bile salts play a crucial role in emulsifying dietary fats, which aids in their digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

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