Which of the following statements is(are) true? Correct the...

Which of the following statements is(are) true? Correct the false statements. a. The molecules $\operatorname{SeS}_{3}, \operatorname{SeS}_{2}, \mathrm{PCl}_{5}, \mathrm{TeCl}_{4}, \mathrm{ICl}_{3},$ and $\mathrm{XeCl}_{2}$ all exhibit at least one bond angle which is approximately 120 degrees. b. The bond angle in $\mathrm{SO}_{2}$ should be similar to the bond angle in $\mathrm{CS}_{2}$ or $\mathrm{SCl}_{2}$. c. Of the compounds $\mathrm{CF}_{4}, \mathrm{KrF}_{4},$ and $\mathrm{SeF}_{4},$ only $\mathrm{SeF}_{4}$ exhibits an overall dipole moment (is polar). d. Central atoms in a molecule adopt a geometry of the bonded atoms and lone pairs about the central atom in order to maximize electron repulsions.

Which of the following statements is(are) true? Correct the false statements.
a. The molecules $\operatorname{SeS}_{3}, \operatorname{SeS}_{2}, \mathrm{PCl}_{5}, \mathrm{TeCl}_{4}, \mathrm{ICl}_{3},$ and
$\mathrm{XeCl}_{2}$ all exhibit at least one bond angle which is approximately 120 degrees.
b. The bond angle in $\mathrm{SO}_{2}$ should be similar to the bond angle in $\mathrm{CS}_{2}$ or $\mathrm{SCl}_{2}$.
c. Of the compounds $\mathrm{CF}_{4}, \mathrm{KrF}_{4},$ and $\mathrm{SeF}_{4},$ only $\mathrm{SeF}_{4}$ exhibits an overall dipole moment (is polar).
d. Central atoms in a molecule adopt a geometry of the bonded atoms and lone pairs about the central atom in order to maximize electron repulsions.

Key Concepts

VSEPR Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is used to predict the three?dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule based on the repulsions between electron pairs (bonding and lone pairs) around a central atom. This theory explains why molecules adopt particular shapes and what bond angles are expected given the number and types of electron pairs.

Bond Angles

Bond angles are the geometric angles between adjacent bonds around a central atom in a molecule. They are affected by the electron domain geometry around that atom and are vital for predicting molecular shapes. Deviations from ideal bond angles can occur due to the presence of lone pairs or differences in the repulsion of bonding pairs.

Molecular Polarity

Molecular polarity arises from the distribution of electrical charges within a molecule and is determined by both the polarity of individual bonds and the overall three-dimensional geometry. A molecule's dipole moment depends on whether the individual bond dipoles cancel out (in symmetric molecules) or result in a net dipole due to an asymmetrical arrangement.

Lone Pair Effects

Lone pairs of electrons occupy more space than bonding pairs because they are held closer to the nucleus, which results in stronger repulsive interactions. This can compress bond angles and distort the geometry from the idealized shape predicted by VSEPR, influencing both the bond angles and overall molecular polarity.

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