Write electron configurations for the following ions. a. Ni^2+ b. Cd^2+ c. Zr^3+ and Zr^4+ d. Os

Write electron configurations for the following ions. a....

Key Concepts

Electron Configuration

This is the method of describing the arrangement of electrons in an atom or ion in terms of the energy levels and orbitals they occupy. It is crucial for determining chemical properties, bonding behavior, and the overall reactivity of the species.

Aufbau Principle and Orbital Filling Order

The Aufbau principle guides the sequential filling of atomic orbitals from lower to higher energy states. This principle, along with Hund's rule and the Pauli Exclusion Principle, provides the foundation for determining the correct order in which electrons populate orbitals.

Ionization and Electron Removal

When atoms form ions, electrons are removed or added to achieve the ion's charge. Understanding which electrons are lost (or gained) during ion formation is key, particularly in transition metals where electrons are generally removed from the outermost s orbital before the d orbitals.

Noble Gas Shorthand Notation

This is a notation system that simplifies electron configurations by using the electron configuration of a noble gas to represent the inner core electrons. It streamlines writing and understanding electron configurations especially for elements with many electrons.

Transcript

00:01 In this question we've been asked to write the electronic configurations of nickel 2 plus iron, zirconium 3 positive as well as zirconium 4 positive ion and cadmium 2 positive as well as osmium 3 positive and osmium 4 positive ions, right? so we will start with nickel 2 positive iron first.

00:31 So in order to write the electronic configuration of an iron we need to write the electronic configuration in groundwork.

00:38 State right so that is going to be argon 4 s2 3d 8 and this is because the atomic number of nickel is 28 right and the nearest noble gas we have is argon right so now nickel 2 positive this is basically losing two electrons so now the question is is it going to lose these two electrons from the 4s 2 orbital or the 3d 8 orbital so basically the 4 s 2 orbital is further from the nucleus obviously because this is the fourth shell and 3d is in the third shell so this is further in the nucleus and that is why we will take out these two electrons from the 4 s2 orbital rather than the 3d 8 orbital to provide more stability the orbital which is farther away from the nucleus to take out electrons from that is going to be comparatively easier right so nickel to positive the electronic configuration is going to be argon 3d 8 simply.

01:49 Right? now we are going to use the same concept here, here and here to obtain our electronic configurations.

01:56 In the case of zirconium, the ground state electronic configuration will be based on our atomic number which is 40.

02:05 So the nearest noble gas is gripped on 5 is 2 and 4d2.

02:14 Right? now this is losing three electrons.

02:16 So now again the same question is it going to lose the electrons from 5 is 2 orbital first or 4d since 5 is 2 is further away from the nucleus again it will first lose electrons from 5 is 2 and then we will come to 4d 2 so 2 electrons will go from here and 1 from here so our electronic configuration will become krypton 4d 1 right and for z it conium 4 positive, it's just going to lose this electron and we are going to be left with krypton 4d0 or simply krypton...

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