Write electron configurations for the following ions. a....

Key Concepts

Noble Gas Shorthand Notation

Noble gas shorthand notation is a method of abbreviating electron configurations by using the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas as a core. This simplifies the writing process by replacing the full configuration of inner electrons with a symbol (e.g., [Ar] or [Kr]), allowing the focus to be on the valence electrons that are involved in chemical reactions.

Transition Metal Electron Configurations

Transition metals have partially filled d orbitals that play a critical role in their electron configurations. Due to the close energy levels of the s and d orbitals, the removal of electrons during ionization often involves losing electrons from the s orbital first, which is a key concept when determining the correct configuration for transition metal ions.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom's or ion’s orbitals. This concept involves understanding how electrons are distributed across different energy levels and subshells (s, p, d, f), and it is essential for predicting an element's chemical behavior and reactivity.

Ionization & Electron Removal Order

When forming cations, electrons are removed from atoms according to their energy levels. Typically, the electrons in the highest energy orbitals (often the outermost s electrons in transition metals) are removed first. This selective removal is important in correctly writing the electron configurations of ions, especially when they come from elements with partially-filled d or f orbitals.

Transcript

00:01 So we have to write the electronic configuration for given ions.

00:04 First of all we have a part, n .i2 positive.

00:11 So this is ion of nickel.

00:13 Nickel has atomic number 28.

00:20 Okay.

00:21 So now the electronic configuration can be written as argon 3d8 4s2.

00:34 Case of plus two charge plus two charge indicates that two electrons are lost okay so now for an i2 positive electronic configuration will be r again 3d 8 the two electrons will be move to excited state from this 4 s subshell or if you want to write complete electronic configuration so this will be our gun represents up to 18 electrons so this will be 1 s 2 2 s 2 2p 6 3 s 2p 6 3d 3d 8 in b part we have cd 2 positive that is i am for cadmium so now cadmium so that has atomic number 48 electronic configuration can be written as krypton represents up to 36 electrons then 4d10 5 s 2 now we have plus 2 charge again so plus 2 charge indicates states loss of two electron so this will be cd2 positive and this will be krypton this will be here the two electrons will be moved to excited state from 5 s subshell this will be 4d10 here okay so now now this will be the electronic configuration or if we want to write the complete electronic configuration so krypton represents up to 36 electron this will be 1 s 2 s 2p 6 3 s 2p 6 3d 3d 10 4s2 4p6 4d10 moving on to next we have c part so we have zirconium 3 positive and zirconium 4 positive so we have zirconium here now it has atomic number 40 so electronic configuration can be d10 as krypton 4d2 5s2.

04:16 So when i have xerunium 3 positive, so this plus 3 indicates that 3 electrons are lost.

04:35 So now the final electronic configuration will be krypton 4d1.

04:52 One electron from this sub -shell and two electrons from a sub -shell okay so now you can also write it as complete electronic configuration can be written as 1 s 2 2 s 2 p 6 3 s 2 3p 6 3d 3d 3 d 10 then 4s2 or p6 4d1 then we have zirconium 4 positive so in this case four electrons are lost so that will be lost so electronic configuration will be krypton only okay so this electron from d sub shell is also excited state okay so so now this can be 1f2 2 s 2 this is the complete electronic configuration.

06:08 Then 2p6 then 3 s 2 3p 6 3d 3d 10 4 s 2 4p 6.

06:26 Then we have d part so this time we have osmium we have 2 ions, os2 positive and and os3 positive.

06:41 So now osmium...

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