Write the equations for the remaining passages of the β-oxidation pathway following those shown

step 1 This reaction which you're given is a lipid that has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, including this one, 7 met

Write the equations for the remaining passages of the...

Key Concepts

Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenation

In this step, the enzyme 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of the hydroxyl group on L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA into a keto group, forming 3-ketoacyl-CoA. During this reaction, NAD+ is reduced to NADH, which is then used in oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production.

Enoyl-CoA Hydration

Following the formation of the trans double bond, enoyl-CoA hydratase adds a molecule of water across the double bond to yield L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA. This hydration step is essential as it prepares the substrate for the subsequent dehydrogenation reaction by creating the necessary hydroxyl group at the beta-carbon.

Thiolytic Cleavage

The final step of the beta-oxidation cycle involves a thiolase-catalyzed reaction that cleaves the 3-ketoacyl-CoA. This reaction uses a molecule of coenzyme A (CoA) to split off an acetyl-CoA unit, shortening the fatty acyl-CoA by two carbon units and allowing the cycle to repeat until the fatty acid is entirely converted into acetyl-CoA molecules.

Beta-Oxidation

Beta-oxidation is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, along with reducing equivalents in the form of NADH and FADH2. This process involves a cyclic sequence of enzymatic reactions that progressively shorten the fatty acid chain by two carbon atoms per cycle, thereby linking fatty acid catabolism to cellular energy production.

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenation

This is the first enzymatic step in the beta-oxidation cycle where the fatty acyl-CoA undergoes oxidation to introduce a trans-double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. The enzyme acyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes this reaction and, in the process, reduces FAD to FADH2, which can then contribute to the electron transport chain.

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