Theoretical
Minimum
AISC
Recommend
$L_e = L$
$L_e = 0.707L$
$L_e = 0.5L$
$L_e = 1.2L$
$L_e = 2L$
$L_e = L$
$L_e = 0.80L$
$L_e = 0.65L$
$L_e = 1.2L$
$L_e = 2L$
Equivalent column lengths for various end conditions.
Source: From Manual of Steel Construction, 7th ed., American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., New York, 1970, pp. 5-138.
FIGURE 5.27