Here is a model that shows how this works
In this model the enzyme is bringing the yellow and blue substrates together
By bring them together and holding them in the right orientation, they can interact in a way that forms a products that is different from either substrate alone
In the top example, the enzyme is catalyzing the formation of a bond between two substrates to form a product
Enzymes can catalyze all sorts of reactions, including reactions that break substrates apart, like in the bottom panel
Many of these functions are physical processes. The way enzymes make reactions easier is because they physically arrange molecules in space that promote them forming bonds or breaking bonds. This is a product of the induced-fit model of enzyme action where the enzymes change shape as they bind to a substrate. By doing this, they stress bonds in molecules, or orient molecules in a way that makes them more likely to bond together, which is how they lower activation energy.
Reaction rate is also a result of physics. When temps are cold, molecules don’t have much kinetic energy. Slower moving molecules bump into each other less often or bump into enzymes less often. As temperatures increase, the kinetic energy increases and the molecules react faster because they run into each other more. This is until they reach an optimum at which point, because enzymes are proteins, the heat will start to affect the bonds that hold their tertiary structure together. When the enzyme loses it’s structure, it can’t bond to it’s substrate any more and it loses it’s ability to function.
Can you summaries with both shorter sentence and using 7 bullet points