i.
In passive pressure gauge, the pressure of fluid is translated into a movement of a pointer
against a scale.
ii.
To minimize the disturbance of the measured system, the measuring instrument resistance
$R_m$ should be as high as possible.
iii.
An ultrasonic flowmeter is a sensor used in conductive fluid to determine the velocity of
a fluid flowing in a pipe.
iv.
In Rotameter, the height of float is inversely proportional to the flow rate.
v.
A proximity sensor able to detect presence of nearby objects with physical contact.
vi.
Pneumatic load cells operate on force-balance principle.
vii.
Conventional electromagnetic flowmeters require a minimum fluid conductivity of 10
$\mu\Omega/cm^3$.
viii.
Creep creates temporary deformation of load cells in mass measurement system.
ix.
In LVDT, the object whose translational displacement is to be measured is mechanically
attached to the central iron core of the transformer.
x.
In the case of potentiometers, d.c. excitation must be avoided because of the problem that
harmonics in the power supply would cause.
