Interpretation of LIFT. Suppose you randomly select one of the 6495 receipts. Before you learn whether brats were purchased,
there is about a 10.85% chance the receipt includes beer. If you now learn that brats were purchased, the chances the receipt
includes beer increases to 34.54%, which is a 3.18-fold increase. This 3.18 is the LIFT [to the purchase of beer owing to the
purchase of brats].
In general, the LIFT [to the purchase of product B owing to the purchase of product A] is a non-negative value. If LIFT 1.0,
then the purchase of product A results in an increased chance of purchasing product B, and A and B are said to be positively
associated. If LIFT ൏ 1.0, then the purchase of A results in a decreased chance of purchasing product B, and A and B are said
to be negatively associated. If LIFTൎ 1.0, then A and B are said to be [essentially] independent (or not associated).
(a) For the data of Exercise 1, compute and interpret the LIFT to purchase of beer owing to the purchase of cauliflower [over 𝑠].