Comparison of paralogs using Oxford-grid data as indicated in [64: P. S. Neelakanta and S. Sharma: Estimating maximum plausible conserved synteny between orthologous genomes of a species pair compared in an exhaustive search-space. European Journal of Bioinformatics. 2016, vol. 3, 01-09] and elaborated in this chapter is indicated for a set of three species pairs. As discussed before relevant genomic comparisons provide invaluable information about evolutionary relationships, morphology, and biogenesis. As well known, homologous sequences between various species point out a common ancestor and comparison of similar sequences determines conserved sequences that may serve more important functions. Oxford grids are adopted to decide on the number of homologous genes between the chromosomes of compared species. More genome-sequence comparisons have been pursued to identify possible common sequences variants and existence of similar sequences among species. The future application of Oxford grids can give enhanced insight into the phylogenic relationship among species. Useful databases exist for sequenced genomes of many organisms and research on Human-Mouse, Medaka-Human, Medaka-Zebra fish is the theme in [.64]. Following such considerations, the following problem is indicated as a pertinent exercise.
Following the analysis of [64], develop syntenic correlation and elucidate the underlying synteny conservation details of the following pairs of species: Mouse/human- cat, human- cattle/sheep, human-dog, human-pig and human-horse. Some useful data are as follows [106]-[ 112] – Text-book
For human-cattle pair: Humans have 22 chromosomes (On y-axis: Number of rows: 22); and, cattle have 29 chromosomes (On x-axis: Number of columns: 29). Hence, m = 22 × 29 = 638; k = 86, (m ˗ k) = (638 ˗ 86) = 552; and, n = 1229.
For human-pig pair: Humans have 22 chromosomes (On y-axis: Number of rows: 22); and, pig has 18 chromosomes (On x-axis: Number of columns: 18). Hence, m = m = = 396, k = 72, (m Ë— k) = (396 Ë— 72) = 324; and, n = 1012.
For human-sheep pair: Humans have 22 chromosomes (On y-axis: Number of rows: 22); and, sheep has 26 chromosomes (On x-axis: Number of columns: 26). Hence, m= 22 × 26 = 572, k=60, (m ˗ k) = (572 ˗ 60) = 512; and, n = 480.
For horse-human pair: Horses have 31 chromosomes (On y-axis: Number of rows: 31); and human has 22 chromosomes (On x-axis: Number of columns: 22). Hence, m =31×22= 682, k = 50, (m ˗ k) = (682 ˗ 50) = 632; and, n=143