The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD), the short-run aggregate supply curve (AS), and the long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) for a hypothetical economy. Initially, the expected price level equals the actual price level, and the economy experiences long-run equilibrium at a natural level of output of 110 billion.
Suppose a bout of severe weather drives up agricultural costs, increases the costs of transporting goods and services, and increases the costs of producing goods and services.
Use the graph to help you answer the questions about the short-run and long-run effects of the increase in production costs that follow.
You will not be graded on any adjustments made to the graph.
Note: For simplicity, ignore any possible impact of the severe weather on the natural level of output.
The short-run economic outcome resulting from the increase in production costs is known as
Suppose now that the government immediately pursues an accommodative policy by increasing government purchases in response to the short-run impact of the severe weather.
In the long run, given that the government pursues accommodative policy, the output level in the economy will equal $ billion and the price level will equal
