1. (50 points) Below is a list of 32-bit memory address references, given as word addresses.
3, 180, 43, 2, 191, 88, 190, 14, 181, 44, 186, 253
• For each of these references, identify the binary address, the tag, and the index given a direct-mapped cache with 16 one-word (32-bit) blocks. Also list if each reference is a hit or a miss, assuming the cache is initially empty.