1) A DNA strand is being replicated as indicated by the diagram below with the black dots showing the origin of replication. Use the diagram to explain the semi-conservative process of DNA replication and the synthesis of DNA of both the leading and lagging strands. (10 points) 2a) What components make up the transcription initiation complex during initial transcription? Describe the process of how they assemble to begin the process of transcription. (5 points) 2b) Describe the elongation process that happens during translation. In your description, be sure to include the 3 ribosome sites in your description, and you will need to address the following 3 parts of elongation: 1. Codon recognition; 2. Peptide bond formation; 3. Translocation (10 points) 3. The non-template strand of a gene contains a sequence that reads 3` GGCAGACCT 5`. What is the resulting mRNA sequence transcribed from the template strand? Using the codon table, list the sequence of amino acids that would result from this mRNA strand. (5 points) A base substitution mutation changes the first A in this non-template strand to a T. The template strand base pairs correctly with the substituted T. What change would happen to the amino acid sequence? Predict how well the protein synthesized would function after this mutation. (10 points)
Added by Juan F.
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The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the form of Okazaki fragments, which are later joined together by DNA ligase. 2a) The transcription initiation complex is composed Show more…
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What is the sequence of the second strand of DNA if the template has the following sequence (remember to follow the base pairing rules from above): DNA strand 1: T A C G C A DNA Strand 2: A T G C G T During DNA replication, the double stranded molecule is separated into 2 single stranded molecules and replication occurs using both strands as templates. Complete the replication of the two DNA strands below: T A C G C A A T G C G T Fill in each three base sequence (codon) from the mRNA you generated in the transcription above and the tRNA anticodon which will be complementary to those two codons. mRNA codons: A U G C G A tRNA anticodons: U A C G C U Look at the mRNA Codon Table on the next page. Translation occurs at the ribosomes when the tRNAs bring in their attached amino acids. Fill in the amino acids associated with the base sequences you used. Amino acids coded for: Methionine Arginine What is "translated" in this process? The base sequence in mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids. Summarize the process of forming a protein from a base sequence in DNA. Use the following key points in your summary: how bases pair up in transcription and translation, where transcription and translation occur and how is base pairing significant to the process. During transcription, the DNA sequence is used as a template to synthesize mRNA. Bases pair up according to the base pairing rules: A with U and G with C. Transcription occurs in the nucleus. During translation, the mRNA sequence is read by ribosomes and tRNAs bring in the corresponding amino acids based on the codons in the mRNA. Bases pair up again, this time between the codons in mRNA and the anticodons in tRNA. Translation occurs at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Base pairing is significant to the process as it ensures the correct sequence of amino acids is synthesized based on the DNA template. The complementary base pairing between DNA and mRNA allows for accurate transcription, while the complementary base pairing between mRNA and tRNA ensures the correct amino acids are brought in during translation.
Jackson M.
Refer to the following template DNA strand to answer the following questions: 3'-TTCCCGGGATAACGATGT-5'. What would be the sequence of the complementary DNA strand that would bind to this strand of DNA double helix? Note: Label the 3' and 5' ends. What is the sequence of the mRNA strand that corresponds with the template DNA strand? Note: Label the 3' and 5' ends. What is the sequence of amino acids directed by mRNA? Note: Label the N-terminus and the C-terminus. Mutations are changes in the base pair sequence in DNA. What would be the resulting polypeptide if the template DNA strand shown above mutates to the following: 3'-TTCCCGGGATTTCG-5'? Why is ATC not listed as one of the codon sequences?
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