1. Acid reflux occurs if this structure is compromised. A. HCl & intrinsic factor for B12 absorption. 2. Function of secretin. B. external sphincter. C. ileum. D. duodenum. 3. Why chemotherapy causes nausea & vomiting. 4. Stores bile. 5. Connects stomach's lesser curvature to liver. E. cardiac sphincter. 6. Function of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). F. cholecystokinin. G. pancreas. H. hepatic-portal vein. 7. Tightening of pyloric sphincter to delay emptying. 8. Secreted by parietal cells of stomach. 9. Special blood route delivering nutrients to liver. I. protein-digesting enzyme in inactive form. 10. Anticoagulant produced in liver. 11. Hormone that stimulates gastric glands. J. peristalsis. K. lysozyme. 12. Where appendix is found. 13. Stimulates enzyme-rich pancreatic juice release. L. increase production of HCO3. M. lesser omentum. N. Dilates blood vessels of intestines. O. heparin. P. defensin. 14. Produces gastrin & cholecystokinin. 15. Distention of intestine will elicit this reaction. 16. Emulsifier of fat. 17. Allows convenient control of elimination. Q. Neural. 18. Causes brown coloration of feces. R. Enteroendocrine cells. 19. Latter 2 divisions of the small intestine. S. zymogenic cells (used 2x). T. Treatment destroys rapidly dividing cells. 20. Folds of stomach submucosa. 21. Another name for chief cells. U. gallbladder. 22. Pepsinogen is. V. cecum. 23. Paneth cells secrete these (2). W. Bile. 24. Cephalic & gastric phase controlling secretions are also known as. X. gastrin. Y. urobilinogen. 25. Makes bile. Z. Jejunum. 26. First foot of the small intestine. AA. rugae. 27. Exocrine & endocrine organ. BB. liver. 28. Rhythmic wave of muscle contraction. CC. enteroendocrine reflex (used 2x). 29. Produces pepsinogen. DD. hormonal.
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Acid reflux occurs if this structure is compromised. A. HCl & intrinsic factor for B12 absorption. - The correct answer is the cardiac sphincter. When the cardiac sphincter, also known as the lower esophageal sphincter, is compromised, it allows stomach acid to Show more…
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Directions: Answer the following questions in detail. What is in my antacid? Heartburn, a burning sensation in the lower throat and above the stomach, is caused by the reflux or backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus (the tube that joins the stomach to the throat). In most individuals, this happens only occasionally, typically after a large meal. Physical activity - such as bending, stooping, or lifting - after meals also aggravates heartburn. In some people, the flap between the esophagus and the stomach that normally prevents acid reflux becomes damaged, in which case heartburn becomes a regular occurrence. Drugstores carry many products that either reduce the secretion of stomach acid or neutralize the acid that is produced. Antacids such as Mylanta or Phillips' milk of magnesia contain bases that neutralize the refluxed stomach acid, alleviating heartburn. Look at the label on a bottle of Mylanta and identify the bases responsible for the antacid. Write the chemical equations showing the reactions of these bases with stomach acid (HCl). Provide substantial evidence by indicating the sources used to support your theory. You must provide at least 2 sources, i.e. journal articles, books, etc. Your original post should be a minimum of 150 words. Provide substantial evidence by indicating the sources used to support your theory. You must provide at least 2 sources, i.e. journal articles, books, etc. Reply to at least one of your classmates' postings. The reply posting should be at least 5 sentences in length.
Shaiju T.
A. The stomach is a muscular sac in the abdomen that receives food, stores it, breaks it up, and begins digestion to produce chyme. 1. The stomach is divided into four regions. a. Cardiac region b. Fundus region c. Body region d. Pyloric region 2. Between the esophagus and duodenum, the stomach has two margins called the lesser and greater curvatures. B. Microscopic anatomy shows that the stomach wall has tissue layers similar to those of the esophagus with some variation. 1. The mucosa is covered with simple columnar epithelium. 2. The gastric mucosa is pocked with depressions called gastric pits lined with columnar epithelium. i. Parietal cells are found mostly in the upper half of the gland and secrete hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and ghrelin. ii. Chief cells, which are the most numerous, are found in the lower half of gastric glands; they secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase. C. Most digestion and nearly all nutrient absorption occur in the small intestine. 1. The stomach does not absorb significant nutrients but does absorb aspirin and some lipid-soluble drugs. 2. Alcohol is absorbed mainly by the small intestine, so its intoxicating effects are delayed until it reaches the bloodstream. V. The Small Intestine A. Nearly all chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur in the small intestine, so called because of its small diameter (2.5 cm). B. In terms of gross anatomy, the small intestine: 1. The duodenum constitutes the first, beginning at the pyloric sphincter, arching around the head of the pancreas, and ending at a sharp bend called the duodenojejunal flexure. a. Here stomach acid is neutralized, fats are emulsified by bile, pepsin is inactivated by elevated pH, and pancreatic enzymes take over chemical digestion. 2. The jejunum is the first 40% of the small intestine beyond the duodenum (1.0 to 1.7 m in a living person). a. Most digestion and nutrient absorption occur here. 3. The ileum forms the last 60% of the postduodenal small intestine. 4. The end of the small intestine is the ileocecal valve, where the ileum joins the cecum of the large intestine.
Sri K.
The digestive system is the organ system that processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue. Its function is accomplished in five stages. a. __________________________ b. __________________________ c. _________________________ d. __________________________ e. _________________________ The digestive phase has two facets, ______________________ and _________________________. a. The first one is achieved by the processes of __________________ and ______________________. b. ________________________ exposes food surface to the action of digestive enzymes. The digestive system has two anatomical subdivisions, the digestive tract and the accessory organs. 1. The digestive tract (alimentary canal) is a muscular tube extending from mouth to anus. 2. The accessory organs are _______________, ________________, ____________________. 3. Most of the digestive tract follows a basic structural plan, with a wall composed of the following tissue layers, in order from inner to outer surface: a. __________________________ b. _________________________ c. _________________________ d. _________________________ The esophagus, stomach, and intestines have a nervous network called the ____________________________. a. This system regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow. b. It is composed of two networks of neurons: _______________ (Meissner) plexus, and the ____________________(Auerbach) plexus of parasympathetic ganglia and nerve fibers between the layers of the muscularis externa. The stomach and intestines must be free to move in the abdominal cavity and are not tightly bound to the abdominal wall, but are suspended from it by the ______________________. Two anterior mesenteries called omenta are associated with the stomach. a. The _____________________ extends from the right superior margin (lesser curvature) of the stomach to the liver. b. The ____________________ hangs from the left inferior margin (greater curvature) of the stomach and loosely covers the small intestine like an apron. The esophagus is a straight muscular tube. 1. It begins at a level between vertebra C6 and the cricoid cartilage, inferior to the larynx and posterior to the trachea. 2. After passing downward through the mediastinum, the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm at the _________________________ and continues another 3 to 4 cm to meet the stomach at the level of T7. 3. The opening into the stomach is called the ________________ (because of its proximity to the heart) or ____________________ 4. Swallowing occurs in three phases. a. The _______________ is under voluntary control. i. The tongue collects food, presses it against the palate to form a bolus, and pushes it posteriorly. b. The _____________________ is involuntary. i. The soft palate and root of the tongue prevent food and drink from reentering the mouth or entering the nasal cavity. c. The ___________________ is a wave of involuntary contractions called peristalsis, controlled by the swallowing centers and the myenteric plexus in the esophageal wall.
Adi S.
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