1) The number of species in a
particular area or sample unit is called:
Select one:
a. beta diversity
b. species abundance
c. local endemics
d. alpha diversity
2) Consider our class discussion of dark vs. light colored
Peppered moths in Industrial England, and identify
the FALSE statement:
Select one:
a. when factories began to operate across the countryside,
air pollution covered tree trunks in surrounding forests
with coal ash
b. before industrialization, most peppered moths had light
colored wing patterns which camouflaged them against the
light-colored trees
c. after industrialization, dark pigmented moths with
increased pigment coloration now had selective advantage over
lighter pigmented moths against predation
d. this example demonstrates how human activity can alter
natural environments in ways that favor new genotypes in
predator-prey interactions
e. this example demonstrates how evolutionary mechanisms
require thousands of generations to alter genetic heterozygosity
within populations of species
3) Identify all true statements
describing current threats and challenges to preserving
Biodiversity.
Select one or more:
a. determining an exact number of species on earth from
which to compare and measure extinction rates is difficult, though
the actual number is estimated to be up to 100 million
b. island birds, amphibians, conifer trees,
sharks, turtles, and large land mammals are among those
species most highly threatened with extinction
c. over half of Earth's biodiversity on land lives in
temperate forests, with roughly half of these landscapes lost or
converted within the past 40-50 years
d. marine biodiversity is threatened by over harvesting of
fisheries, transformation of coastal areas, warming of oceans,
acidification and coral bleaching
e. land biodiversity is threatened primarily due to over
harvesting of natural resources (food fiber and timbre) through
practices which convert natural landscapes, including agriculture,
deforestation, mining, urbanization and pollution
f. extinctions occur less today than at any other period in
the history of Earth, when compared with background rates observed
throughout geologic history with fossil records
g. since 1776, number of extinctions have fallen
dramatically, primarily due to conservation efforts by humans to
mitigate loss of biodiversity
4) In the example of the Eastern US deciduous forest
ecosystem, based on observed trophic relationships between species,
____________________ are ______________________ and
_____________________ is a ________________________.
Select one or more:
a. Eastern cottontails, primary consumers ; Red fox,
secondary consumer
b. worms, scavengers ; Deer mouse, carnivore
c. Grey squirrels, herbivores ; Red tailed hawk,
omnivore
d. White oaks, primary producers ; White tailed deer,
secondary consumer
e. mosquitos, parasites ; Barred owl, apex predator