Question

1. Thomas frequently suffers from heartburn and has discovered he has gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. Which sphincter closes to prevent gastric juices from entering the esophagus? Which layer of the esophagus is damaged by the acid in gastric juices? Which cells produce HCl? 2. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that results from a malfunctioning chloride transport protein. This causes the accumulation of a thick mucus in the lungs and pancreas. Why might an individual with cystic fibrosis have malabsorption and nutrient deficiencies? 3. Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes pain and inflammation of the intes- tines. It usually affects the last part of the small intestine and the large intestine. What is the name of the last part of the small intestine? What are the parts of the large intestine? 4. Andre has not been feeling well. He thinks it might be the flu, but he also has some abdominal pain, and his skin has a yellow tinge to it. His physician suspects hepatitis and orders additional bloodwork as well as an ultrasound to examine his liver. What is the term for the yellowish skin, and why would hepatitis cause this? Where would the ultrasound wand be placed to obtain images of his liver?

          1. Thomas frequently suffers from heartburn and has discovered he has gastroesophageal reflux disease, or
GERD. Which sphincter closes to prevent gastric juices from entering the esophagus? Which layer of the
esophagus is damaged by the acid in gastric juices? Which cells produce HCl?
2. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that results from a malfunctioning chloride transport protein. This causes
the accumulation of a thick mucus in the lungs and pancreas. Why might an individual with cystic fibrosis
have malabsorption and nutrient deficiencies?
3. Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes pain and inflammation of the intes-
tines. It usually affects the last part of the small intestine and the large intestine. What is the name of the last
part of the small intestine? What are the parts of the large intestine?
4. Andre has not been feeling well. He thinks it might be the flu, but he also has some abdominal pain, and his
skin has a yellow tinge to it. His physician suspects hepatitis and orders additional bloodwork as well as an
ultrasound to examine his liver. What is the term for the yellowish skin, and why would hepatitis cause this?
Where would the ultrasound wand be placed to obtain images of his liver?

1 thomas frequently suffers from heartburn and has discovered he has gastroesophageal reflux disease or gerd which sphincter closes to prevent gastric juices from entering the esophagus whic 62118

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