1. What structure is not part of the endomembrane system?
Select one:
a. lysosomes
b. golgi apparatus
c. plasma membrane
d. nuclear envelope
e. mitochondria
2. Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
Select one:
a. ribosomes
b. chloroplast
c. central vacuole
d. plasmodesmata
e. centriole
3. Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?
Select one:
a. nuclear envelope
b. ribosome
c. chloroplast
d. mitochondrion
e. endoplasmic reticulum
4. Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
Select one:
a. liver cell
b. bacterial cell
c. nerve cell
d. phagocytic white blood cell
e. muscle cell
5. A certain poison disrupts the cytoskeleton of cells. Which of the following functions would be affected most by this substance?
Select one:
a. digestion with lysosomes
b. cellular respiration
c. photosynthesis
d. protein synthesis
e. cell division
6. What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized lipid that will be secreted by a cell?
Select one:
a. Smooth ER β Golgi apparatus β vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
b. Rough ER β Golgi apparatus β vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
c. Golgi apparatus β Rough ER β vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
d. Golgi apparatus β Smooth ER β vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
e. Nucleus β Rough ER β vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane
7. Which does not belong to the group?
Select one:
a. middle lamella
b. cell wall
c. plasmodesmata
d. desmosomes
e. pectin
8. Which does not belong to the group?
Select one:
a. tight junctions
b. flagella
c. centrioles
d. plastids
e. extra cellular matrix
9. All are functions of the cytoskeleton except:
Select one:
a. maintenance of cell shape
b. muscle contraction
c. chromosome movements
d. keep plants upright
e. cytoplasmic streaming
10. What is the function of the nucleolus?
Select one:
a. site of DNA synthesis
b. site of rRNA synthesis
c. site of cell division
d. site of lipid synthesis
e. site of protein synthesis
11. Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?
Select one:
a. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
b. citric acid cycle
c. electron transport chain
d. glycolysis
e. reduction of pyruvate to lactate
12. The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the:
Select one:
a. transfer of phosphate to ADP
b. release of CO2
c. oxidation of glucose
d. H+ concentration gradient across the membrane
e. flow of electrons down the electron transport chain
13. The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is:
Select one:
a. oxygen
b. ADP
c. pyruvate
d. water
e. NAD+
14. Most CO2 from catabolism is released during:
Select one:
a. glycolysis
b. citric acid cycle
c. chemiosmosis
d. lactate fermentation
e. electron transport
15. Why is glycolysis described as having an investment and payoff phase?
Select one:
a. both attaches and detaches phosphate groups
b. it uses stored ATP and forms net increase in ATP
c. both splits and assembles molecules
d. it uses glucose and generates pyruvate
e. it shifts molecules from cytosol to mitochondrion
16. The Citric acid cycle takes place in the ___ while the Calvin cycle takes place in the ___
Select one:
a.matrix of mitochondrion; stroma of the chloroplast
b. thylakoid membrane; mitochondrial membrane
c.mitochondrial membrane; thylakoid membrane
d. stroma of the chloroplast; matrix of the mitochondrion
e. outer membrane of chloroplast; outer membrane of mitochondria
17. Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water?
Select one:
a. glycolysis
b. citric acid cycle
c. oxidative phosphorylation
d. fermentation
e. oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
18. Inside the mitochondrion, most electrons flow which pathway?
Select one:
a. glycolysis β pyruvate β acetyl CoA β electron transport chain
b. acetyl CoA β citric acid cycle β oxygen β electron transport chain
c. glycolysis β NADH β citric acid cycle β electron transport chain
d. acetyl CoA β citric acid cycle β electron transport chain β oxygen
e. pyruvate β acetyl CoA β electron transport chain β citric acid cycle
19. A muscle cell and a photosynthetic leaf cell are similar in all except:
Select one:
a. both have cytoskeleton
b. both have mitochondria
c. both have cell membrane
d. both have ribosomes
e. both have cell walls
20. What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?
Select one:
a. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of DNA
b. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes which are composed of proteins
c. A gene is composed of DNA, but there is no relationship to a chromosome
d. A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes which are composed of DNA
e. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes which are composed of proteins
21. Below are portions of a well-known theory. Which is an exception?
Select one:
a. cells arise from pre-existing cells
b. cells are the basic living unit or organization of living things
c. cells are the structural and functional components of living things
d. all cells have nucleus
e. all organisms are composed of cells
22. Choose the correct hierarchical organization of life from least to most complex
Select one:
a. carbon β fatty acid β lipid β ground tissue β chromoplast β root β carrot
b. fatty acid β carbon β lipid β chromoplast β ground tissue β root β carrot
c. carbon β lipid β fatty acid β ground tissue β chromoplast β root β carrot
d. fatty acid β carbon β lipid β chromoplast β ground tissue β carrot β root
e. carbon β fatty acid β lipid β chromoplast β ground tissue β root β carrot
23. Different species of Galapagos Island finches have different beak types to obtain different kinds of food. One species removes tree bark with a sharp beak to forage for insect larvae and pupae while another species has a large, powerful beak capable of crushing and eating large, heavy coated seeds. These statements illustrate:
Select one:
a. homeostasis
b. reproduction
c. adaptation
d. metabolism
e. prediction
24. The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with:
Select one:
a. ATP and NADPH
b. light energy
c. H20 and NADPH
d. O2
e. CO2 and ATP
25. How is photosynthesis similar in C4 and CAM plants?
Select one:
a. only photosystem 1 is used
b. only photosystem 2 is used
c. in both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially
d. both make sugar in the dark
e. both make sugar without Calvin cycle
26. Which of the following does not occur during Calvin cycle?
Select one:
a. oxidation of NADPH
b. formation of G3P
c. carbon fixation
d. regeneration of CO2 acceptor
e. release of oxygen
27. Which process is most likely driven by light energy?
Select one:
a. reduction of NADP+ molecules
b. transfer of energy from pigment molecule to pigment molecule
c. ATP synthesis
d. creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane
e. splitting of water
28. During photosynthesis in chloroplasts, oxygen is produced from ___ via a series associated with ___
Select one:
a. waterβ¦photosystem I
b. waterβ¦photosystem II
c. waterβ¦calvin cycle
d. carbon dioxideβ¦photosystem II
e. carbon dioxideβ¦photosystem I
29. A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?
Select one:
a. red, yellow
b. green, blue, violet
c. blue, violet
d. blue, green, red
e. green, yellow
30. In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to:
Select one:
a. carbon fixation
b. oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration
c. reduction of NADP+
d. substrate-level phosphorylation in Citric acid cycle
e. substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis
31. Which pathway correctly represents photosynthesis?
Select one:
a. light absorption β p680 β p700 β ETC β Calvin cycle
b. light absorption β p700 β p680 β ETC β Calvin cycle
c. light absorption β p700 β ETC β p680 - ETC
d. p680 β splitting of water β ETC β Calvin cycle β p700
e. light absorption β p680 β ETC β p700 β Calvin cycle
32. Which of the following processes includes all others?
Select one:
a. diffusion of a solute across a membrane
b. passive transport
c. osmosis
d. transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient
e. facilitated diffusion
33. Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity?
Select one:
a. a greater proportion of saturated phospholipids
b. a relatively high protein content in the membrane
c. a lower proportion of unsaturated phospholipids
d. a lower temperature
e. a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids
34. In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary?
Select one:
a. only certain membranes are constructed from amphipathic molecules
b. phospholipids are found only in certain membranes
c. only certain membranes of the cell are selectively permeable
d. certain proteins are unique to each membrane
e. only certain membranes regulate transport of molecules across the membrane
35. According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly:
Select one:
a. spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane
b. randomly oriented in the membrane, with no fixed inside-outside polarity
c. on the periphery of the membrane
d. confined to the hydrophobic interior of the membrane
e. embedded in a lipid bilayer
36. Which of the following is a difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
Select one:
a. facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins; active transport does not
b. active transport can move solutes in either direction across a membrane; facilitated diffusion can move in only one direction
c. active transport requires energy; facilitated diffusion does not
d. facilitated diffusion can move solutes against a concentration gradient; active transport does not
e. active transport involves transport proteins; facilitated diffusion does not
37. The initial response of root cells of a tomato plant watered with seawater would be to:
Select one:
a. rapidly expand until cells burst
b. actively absorb salts from the seawater
c. actively transport water from cytoplasm into the vacuole
d. rapidly produce organic solutes in the cytoplasm
e. begin to plasmolyze as water is lost
38. An RBC contains 0.15M NaCl. Sea water contains the equivalent of 0.45M NaCl. What will happen if RBCs are transferred to sea water?
Select one:
a. RBCs will use ATP to transport NaCl into the cytoplasm
b. RBCs will take up water, swell, then burst
c. NaCl will passively diffuse into the RBC
d. water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse
e. NaCl will be exported from the RBC by facilitated diffusion
39. You are studying the transport of a certain type of molecule into cells. A certain poison slows down transport by inhibiting energy production. The molecule is probably transported into the cell by:
Select one:
a. active transport
b. facilitated diffusion
c. osmosis
d. simple diffusion
e. endocytosis
40. All are functions of membrane proteins except:
Select one:
a. cell to cell recognition
b. phagocytosis
c. transport
d. enzymatic activity
e. signal transduction