[36 p.] An aluminum flange (EAl=10Msi) is connected by 4 steel bolts (Est=30Msi) prestressed to 90% of their proof load. A tensile load of 4 kip is applied to the joint. The bolts are "SAE grade #1 (For bolt data, use Tables 15-1 & 15-6). Calculate: a. Joint stiffness constant, C b. Load acting on each bolt (including the external load) c. Load, P, required to separate the joint. d. Factor of safety for tensile failure of a bolt at an external load P=4 kip. e. Factor of safety for stripping the threads in a ½ inch long nut made from a low yield strength steel [tensile yield strength=20 ksi] at P=4 kip. f. Torque required for tightening the bolts to their required preload. HAP (4 kip)