2. Which idea suggested to Darwin and others that living things might change over time? a. Buffon's suggestion that the earth is 750,000 years old b. Cuvier's discovery of fossils of long-extinct large mammals c. Lyell's observations that the earth changes gradually over time d. Both b and c 3. Which choice below would NOT lead to a change in the frequency of alleles present in a population? a. A white deer joining an existing herd of brown deer b. Bacteria becoming resistant to some antibiotics c. Sparrows in the Northern US are larger than sparrows in the southern US d. Artists painting the shells of a population of hermit crabs 4. The American bison was hunted to near extinction by early settlers. Which answer is correct about the current population of American Bison? a. It has experienced a population bottleneck b. It is more genetically diverse c. It has experienced the founder effect d. Both a and b e. Both b and c 5. Which choice below is an example of migration? a. Your family moves to a new town in a different state b. A male lion becomes the leader of a new pride c. A small group of farmers starts a new settlement on an uninhabited island d. Both a and b e. All of the above 6. Boreal toads in Colorado are being decimated by a fungus. About 20% of the population is resistant to the fungus. Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to predict the allelic frequency for this dominant allele. a. 20% b. 36% c. 80% d. 64% e. 4%
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1. On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed that tortoises resembled those found in South America. This observation led to his idea that A. adaptations are purposely formed by organisms with the goal to be best suited to their environment. B. present day organisms descend from common ancestors. C. individual organisms can change their physical features over their lifetime. D. Galapagos animals, like the tortoises, are completely unique since they are on an island. 2. Which of the following is NOT a main idea of evolution by natural selection? A. Learned behaviors B. Genetic variation C. Competition D. Differential survival and reproduction 3. Based on Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, the differences in finch beak shape can be explained by which of the following statements? A. New mutations developed in response to the variety of food sources that were available on the Galapagos Islands. B. Environmental conditions allowed finches with certain beak shapes to survive longer and reproduce more. C. Finches on the Galapagos Islands have different beak shapes because they are unrelated to any other finches in the world. D. Each individual finch modified its beak shape over time through adaptation. 4. In the example of natural selection among a population of bacteria treated with antibiotics, why did some bacteria survive? A. The survivors contained a random genetic mutation that made them antibiotic resistant. B. The survivors had a goal to survive so they adjusted their behavior to avoid the antibiotics. C. The survivors were the result of genetic drift. D. The survivors anticipated the antibiotics and developed resistance genes beforehand.
Christina S.
Hi, please answer all of the 6 questions below: 1. Why was Darwin's theory of evolution considered dangerous? a. Because it is shocking b. Because it counters the notion of humankind's supremacy and God's hand in the world order c. Because it is not in conflict with deeply held belief systems of how life came to exist on Earth d. None of the above 2. Why is the fossil record important? a. It illustrates evolutionary transitions between fish and amphibians, between reptiles and mammals, between dinosaurs and birds, and in many lineages such as whales and horses b. New fossils continue to reveal transitional forms that some said don't exist c. Both a and b d. None of the above 3. Fossil evidence clearly shows that amphibians descended from one group of ancient fishes whose thick, bony fins gradually evolved into limb-like appendages. So if fish became amphibians through the process of evolution, then why do fish still exist? a. Fish, like all living creatures, continue to evolve toward a life on land. b. Because when the earliest ancestors of modern amphibians left the water, they found many new opportunities on land. c. Because there are countless ecological opportunities underwater and fish evolved toward successful use of the underwater environment. d. Because amphibians and other land creatures diversified, however, fewer and fewer opportunities existed for newcomers. 4. How has DNA sequencing affected the science of classifying organisms? a. DNA sequencing has allowed for the comparison of genes at the molecular level as opposed to physical traits at the organism level. b. DNA sequencing can also trace relatedness through generations and more accurately assess how closely related two organisms are. c. Both a and b d. None of the above 5. What do humans have in common with single-celled organisms? a. DNA sequence b. Mode of energy processing c. Mode of reproduction d. Common ancestor 6. Why is species diversity important and worthy of protection? a. Because it makes healthy and functional ecosystems which play a crucial role in sustaining human livelihoods. b. Because it plays a role in some 'nature-based solutions' to climate change and problems caused by changes in the environment. c. For the continuity of life on Earth. d. All of the above
Shyam P.
Question 3: Part A: Which of the following studies demonstrated that migration can greatly influence the genetic structure of a population or deme (2 pts.)? A. Sanjak et al.'s (2018) study of puberty in English women B. Clark and Shepard's (1959) study of African swallowtail butterflies C. Haag et al.'s (2005) study of the Glanville fritillary D. Hubbell and Johnson's (1977) study of stingless bees E. Grant and Grant's (1992) study of Darwin's finches Part B: Loggerhead sea turtles are an endangered species. According to an analysis of their life tables and other studies mentioned in class, the following is TRUE about this species (2 pts.): A. Increasing egg/hatchling survivorship to 100% has almost no effect on r B. The estimated value of r for this species is greater than zero C. The life stage that has the largest effect on population growth is the mature adult stage D. After the federal government began requiring commercial fishing boats to use TEDs, the population of loggerhead turtles has shown signs of recovery E. All of the above are true Part C: Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about genetic drift (2 pts.)? A. Relative to the mainland, island populations are more likely to exhibit drift effects. B. Genetic drift was demonstrated in the study of fruit flies by Peter Buri (1954) C. Endangered species are particularly sensitive to genetic drift. D. In small populations, genetic drift is expected to increase heterozygosity or allelic diversity. E. None of the above. All statements are correct. Part D: The study by Tansley in 1917 on the bedstraw Galium was of monumental significance to the field of ecology because it (2 pts.): A. demonstrated that competition is habitat dependent B. was the first experimental field study to document interspecific competition C. demonstrated that current species distributions may be due to competition in the past D. all of the above E. none of the above.
Sri K.
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