2.1. The relationship between nutritional status and risk of infection is bidirectional, meaning that poor nutritional status increases the risk of infection and that infection (and the immune response to infection) can impair nutritional status. Look at the following figure and discuss in which ways infection impairs nutritional status and body composition. (10) DECREASED NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY Decreased intake Decreased absorption Increased loss Anorexia Malabsorption Intestinal damage Diarrhoea INFECTION Redistribution of nutrients Activation of inflammatory & immune response Increased metabolic rate INCREASED DEMAND FOR NUTRIENTS Fig. 3. Schematic depiction of the opposing effects of infection on nutrient availability and nutrient demand.
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