3. Considering the anatomy and function of a hip joint, material for hip replacement implant matters. Artificial hip joints are made of the ball component (typically made of highly polished strong metal or ceramic material) and the socket component (typically a durable cup of plastic, ceramic, or metal, which may have an outer metal shell). Based on the histology of connective tissues, the best material to resemble joint is material which is as strong as ________ (the most abundant metal in the bone mineral) and as flexible as ________ (the most abundant protein seen in tendon and ligament).
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Step 1: Identify the components of a hip joint implant - ball component and socket component. Show more…
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Madhur L.
The hip joint has two primary functions in the body: 1) The hip must support the weight of the body in both static (standing) and dynamic (walking/running) postures. 2) The hip must allow for frictionless movement of the joint which is accomplished with a smooth cartilage surface. A healthy hip joint is shown on the left in the figure below. The hip joint is susceptible to degradation either through traumatic injuries or arthritis. If the damage is too severe, an artificial hip replacement can be implanted to restore the proper functions of the hip. A typical hip replacement is shown on the right. The Healthy Hip Joint Typical Hip Replacement
The technology underlying hip replacements has changed as these operations have become more popular (over 250,000 in the United States in 2008). Starting in 2003, highly durable ceramic hips were marketed. Unfortunately, for too many patients the increased durability has been counterbalanced by an increased incidence of squeaking. An article reported that in one study of 141 individuals who received ceramic hips between 2003 and 2005, 8 of the hips developed squeaking. (a) Calculate a lower confidence bound at the 95% confidence level for the true proportion of such hips that develop squeaking. (Round your answer to three decimal places.) lower confidence bound = (b) Interpret the 95% confidence level used in (a). We are 95% confident that the true proportion of all such artificial hip recipients who experience squeaking is less than the lower bound. We are 95% confident that the true proportion of all such artificial hip recipients who experience squeaking is greater than the lower bound.
Robin C.
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