3. What is the significance of the discovery of insulin by Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best? O Insulin is a hormone that permits you to eat anything you wish. O Insulin has saved 16 million lives worldwide. O Discovering insulin opened the doors to more discoveries. O Discovering insulin made Drs. Banting and Best famous.
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Insulin is an important hormone that allows the body to use glucose from food. After an individual eats a meal, glucose travels through the blood stream and reaches beta cells in the pancreas. The glucose causes the beta cells to release insulin. Insulin then travels through the blood stream and attaches to insulin receptors on other cells, which allows them to take in glucose and use it for energy. What does this information best demonstrate? A. A hormone is a protein that performs many functions in the body. B. Beta cells are not necessary for glucose to be utilized. C. Cells interact with other cells for regulation and homeostasis. D. Only certain cells can use glucose to produce energy.
Marlyn J.
Insulin consists of two polypeptide chains, called A and B, that are joined by disulfide bonds. The smaller A chain consists of 21 amino acids in humans. The longer B chain has 30 amino acids in humans. Insulin from various animals is similar to but not identical to human insulin, as illustrated in the table below, which shows the variations at positions A8, A9, A10, B1, B2, B27, and B30. All other amino acids are the same. Position A8 A9 A10 B1 B2 B27 B30 Human Thr Ser Ile Phe Val Thr Thr Cow Ala Ser Val Phe Val Thr Ala Pig Thr Ser Ile Phe Val Thr Ala Horse Thr Gly Ile Phe Val Thr Ala Rabbit Thr Ser Ile Phe Val Thr Ser Dog Thr Ser Ile Phe Val Thr Ala Chicken His Asn Thr Ala Ala Ser Ala Duck Glu Asn Pro Ala Ala Ser Thr (a) What animals would serve as the best source of insulin to be used for treating diabetics? Explain. (b) Would the pI values of the animal insulins be the same as, greater than, or less than the pI of human insulin? (c) Some people develop allergies to animal insulin because their immune systems recognize the proteins as foreign. Explain why the immune system would be able to distinguish animal insulin from human insulin.
Madhur L.
What is the function of insulin?
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