31. a) Describe how complementation tests are carried out in Escherichia coli. (3 marks) b) Eight independent trp \( { }^{-} \)mutants are isolated. Complementation tests were performed in all pairwise combinations ( \( += \) complementation; \( -= \) no complementation \( ) \) and the results are shown below. \begin{tabular}{|r|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 \\ \hline 1 & - & + & - & - & + & + & + & - \\ \hline 2 & & - & + & + & - & + & + & + \\ \hline 3 & & & - & - & + & - & - & - \\ \hline 4 & & & & - & + & + & + & - \\ \hline 5 & & & & & - & + & + & + \\ \hline 6 & & & & & & - & - & + \\ \hline 7 & & & & & & & - & + \\ \hline 8 & & & & & & & & - \\ \hline \end{tabular} Determine the number of genes present and identify the mutations in each gene. ( 5 marks)
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coli** Complementation tests in E. coli are used to determine whether two mutations that produce a similar phenotype are in the same gene or in different genes. The process involves: 1. **Conjugation or Transformation**: Introduce two different mutant strains Show more…
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